Do soundwaves heat up the air through which they travel?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the effects of sound waves on the temperature of air, particularly in the context of thermodynamics and adiabatic processes. Participants explore whether sound waves can lead to noticeable heating of the air, considering factors like the bulk modulus and energy dissipation.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that since sound waves involve adiabatic compressions, the temperature of the air should rise if heat cannot escape.
  • Another participant notes that in practical scenarios, heat loss to the environment and other factors would likely overshadow any heating effect from sound waves.
  • A different viewpoint indicates that while sound energy dissipates, if it cannot escape, it must contribute to heating the gas, potentially reaching a steady state where the gas heats up with the power output of the sound source.
  • One participant provides specific attenuation rates of sound at various frequencies, arguing that the energy from sound waves does indeed heat the air.
  • A later reply questions whether the process remains quasistatic when the speed of compression approaches the speed of sound, implying that this could affect the heating dynamics.
  • Another participant recalls a derivation related to the speed of sound and specific heat, emphasizing the assumption of adiabatic processes in this context.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the extent to which sound waves heat the air, with some arguing for a significant effect under certain conditions while others highlight practical limitations and competing factors. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the overall impact of sound waves on air temperature.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on specific experimental setups, assumptions about adiabatic processes, and the influence of environmental factors on heat dissipation.

Conor_McF
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I'm doing a problem in thermodynamics that deals with sound waves and the bulk modulus B and it got me thinking. Since the compressional waves would be traveling far too fast to be considered isothermal, I assume you must consider them to be adiabatic compressions of air. Now if adiabatic compression allows no heat to leave the compressed gas, does this mean the temperature of the air would rise? In other words, if I were to totally isolate a set of really loud speakers and leave them blasting for a few hours, would the air around them be noticably hotter? Just looking for some insight on the nature of compressional heating, forgive me if this idea is totally ridiculous (but please tell me why :)).
 
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Conor_McF said:
In other words, if I were to totally isolate a set of really loud speakers and leave them blasting for a few hours, would the air around them be noticably hotter? Just looking for some insight on the nature of compressional heating, forgive me if this idea is totally ridiculous (but please tell me why :)).

Yes, but I bolded 'totally isolate' because in any real experiment you will have heat loss to the walls of the 'room' and also the heat generated by the electrical wiring and the mechanical friction of the speaker head, and these effects will all be much larger by the time the system comes to thermal equilibrium than the contribution of thermal energy to the air from the sound waves.
 
The pressure oscillates so, on average, there is no effect. The only net effect is actually due to the fact that there process isn't exactly isentropic, some energy is dissipated. Of course, all that sound energy must go somewhere. If it cannot escape, it must all be dissipated. So, if you have a loudspeaker producing 100 Watt of power in the form of sound energy and none of that energy leaves the gas, then you must reach some stady state situation in which you end up heating the gas with 100 watt.
 
Last edited:
Yes, because sound waves attenuate in air; i.e., the sound power level drops off faster than 1/r^2. Here are some attenuation numbers at sea level & STP:

20,000 Hz 528 dB per kilometer
2,000 Hz 9.88 dB per kilometer
200 Hz 0.95 dB per kilometer
20 Hz 0.0127 dB per kilometer

Because the air pressure remains the same before and after, the energy heats the air up.

See http://www.csgnetwork.com/atmossndabsorbcalc.html
 
Count Iblis said:
The only net effect is actually due to the fact that there process isn't exactly isentropic, some energy is dissipated. QUOTE]

Ah, does this have something to do with the process no longer being quasistatic when the compressional speed is comparable to the speed of sound?
 
I vaguely recall an elegant (and obscure) derivation of the speed of sound given the specific heat (maybe vice-versa). I can't seem to find the derivation right now, but it seems to be attached to the names Carnot, Laplace, Huginot, and Hadamard.

IIRC, the assumption is that the process is adiabatic.
 

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