Does the use the use of ε0 imply that it is for vacuum?

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In summary, the conversation discussed the confusion surrounding the material in which Maxwell's equations are applied, specifically in regards to electrical and magnetic fluxes. It was clarified that the equations are applicable in all materials, and the values of εr and μr must be taken into account. The discussion also touched on the use of εo and μo as approximations in air, as well as the importance of considering boundary conditions and geometry when analyzing electric flux distributions.
  • #1
ugenetic
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I found most literatures on Electrical or Magnetic fluxes maddeningly unclear about the MATERIAL in which the equations are applied. In free air only? or not?

I would like to know if the following 2 statements are true
the electrical flux generated by a single charge will look the same in all (uniform) materials.
the electrical field E generated by a single charge will change from one material to another depends on εr.

I m guessing maxwell equations are really for conductors and air?
 
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  • #2
##\epsilon_0## is for a vacuum. It is often used as an approximation in air since the relative permativity of air is very nearly 1.

You should be able to tell whether a vacuum is intended or not by the context.

Maxwels equations are for everywhere.
Some people just write them out for the vacuum case.
 
  • #3
In a formula, εo is always accompanied by εr.

Similarly, μo is always accompanied by μr.

If the relative constant is not explicitly shown, it is taken as unity (meaning its value in free space).
 
  • #4
The electric flux distribution will be the same for anyone isotropic material only if the boundary conditions are perfect conductors and/or insulators, and the geometry is fixed.
 
  • #5
OH WOW, so clear, thank you all. I am writing them down.
 
Last edited:

1. Does the use of ε0 imply that it is for vacuum?

Yes, ε0 is the permittivity of free space and is only applicable in a vacuum. It is a constant that represents the ability of a vacuum to store an electric field.

2. Why is ε0 used in equations instead of the actual value of permittivity in a vacuum?

Using ε0 in equations makes them more general and applicable in different situations. The actual value of permittivity in a vacuum may vary depending on the units used, but ε0 is a universal constant that remains the same regardless of units.

3. Can ε0 be used in other mediums besides vacuum?

No, ε0 is only applicable in a vacuum. In other mediums, the permittivity is different and must be taken into account in equations.

4. How is ε0 related to other constants such as μ0 and c?

ε0, μ0 (permeability of free space), and c (speed of light) are all related through the equation c = 1/√(ε0 μ0). This relationship shows that the speed of light is dependent on the permittivity and permeability of free space.

5. Why is ε0 used in the calculation of Coulomb's law instead of the actual value of permittivity in a vacuum?

Using ε0 in Coulomb's law allows for a more general equation that can be applied in different situations. The actual value of permittivity in a vacuum may vary depending on the units used, but ε0 is a universal constant that remains the same regardless of units.

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