The discussion centers on the paper titled "An Early Catalog of Planet Hosting Multiple Star Systems of Order Three and Higher," which presents a catalog of triple and higher-order star systems containing exoplanets. As of July 1, 2022, approximately 30 triple systems and one to three quadruple systems have been identified, hosting nearly 40 planets. The study reveals that these systems are hierarchically structured, with main-sequence stars predominantly of spectral types A, F, and G, while tertiary components are mostly low-mass M-type stars. The primary methods for planet detection include Radial Velocity and Transit techniques, with gas giants being the most common type identified.
PREREQUISITESAstronomers, astrophysicists, and students interested in exoplanet research, particularly those focusing on multiple star systems and their characteristics.
ABSTRACT - We present a catalog (status July 1, 2022) of triple and higher order systemsidentified containing exoplanets based on data from the literature, including various analyses. We explore statistical properties of the systems with focuson both the stars and the planets. So far, about 30 triple systems and one to three quadruple systems, including (mildly) controversial cases, have been found. The total number of planets is close to 40. All planet-hosting triple star systems are highly hierarchic, consisting of a quasi-binary complemented by a distant stellar component, which is in orbit about the common center of mass. Furthermore, the quadruple systems are in fact pairs of close binaries ("double-doubles"), with one binary harboring a planet. For the different types of star-planet systems, we introduce a template for the classifications of planetary orbital configurations in correspondence to the hierarchy of the system and the planetary host. The data show that almost all stars are main-sequence stars, as expected. However, the stellar primaries tend to be more massive (i.e., corresponding to spectral types A, F, and G) than expected from single star statistics, a finding also valid for stellar secondaries but less pronounced. Tertiary stellar components are almost exclusively low-mass stars of spectral type M. Almost all planets have been discovered based oneither the Radial Velocity or the Transit method. Both gas giants (the dominant type) and terrestrial planets (including super-Earths) have been identified. We anticipate the expansion of this data base in the light of future planetary search missions.
"The data show that almost all stars are main-sequence stars, as expected. However, the stellar primaries tend to be more massive (i.e., corresponding to spectral types A, F, and G) than expected from single star statistics, a finding also valid for stellar secondaries but less pronounced. Tertiary stellar components are almost exclusively low-mass stars of spectral type M.
Certainly never reported like that in the media or pop sci.snorkack said:There is a point made with numbers, though these vary. Namely that Sun is a high mass star - it is pointed out that this is rarely stated.
The two statistics they quote are somewhat divergent and not specific to Sun, but Sun is in about top 5% of main sequence stars.
For something that can be analyzed, seepinball1970 said:Certainly never reported like that in the media or pop sci.
"Average star" Top 5% is not average.
EDIT: from wiki "Sun has an absolute magnitude of +4.83, estimated to be brighter than about 85% of the stars in the Milky Way, most of which are red dwarfs.[30][31] "