Electric Field Created by 2 Infinite Plates

In summary, the electric field created by two infinite parallel plates with opposite charges is uniform and directed from the positively charged plate to the negatively charged plate. The magnitude of the electric field between the plates is constant and can be calculated using the formula E = σ/ε₀, where σ is the surface charge density on the plates and ε₀ is the permittivity of free space. Outside the region between the plates, the electric field is zero. This concept is fundamental in understanding electrostatics and is widely applied in various electrical engineering and physics contexts.
  • #1
Heisenberg7
101
18
Today, I watched a video about electric field created by an infinite plate by Khan Academy. They were talking about the clever application of the Gauss's law in this case (the cylinder method), so I wondered if I could apply the same thing but to 2 plates. For example, let's say that the plates are parallel. In this case the electric field created by one plate is ##E = \frac {\sigma}{2\epsilon_o}##. Since electric field is a vector quantity we can vectorially add up the electric field created by both plates. Between the plates the electric field created by one plate is opposite and equal to the electric field created by the other, thus if we vectorially add them up, we get 0. But on the left and right side, it's different. They have the same direction and magnitude at each point in space, thus the electric field at any point is ##E = \frac {\sigma}{\epsilon_o}##. Is this the correct way to think about this problem? (both plates have the same charge ##q##)
 
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  • #2
Yes, electric fields generated from different sources add up to a superposition of the individual contributions. However, note that this is a result of the linearity of the governing differential equation, ie Gauss’ law or ultimately Maxwell’s equations. It does not follow solely from being a vector field.
 

FAQ: Electric Field Created by 2 Infinite Plates

1. What is the concept of an electric field created by two infinite plates?

The electric field created by two infinite plates refers to the uniform electric field established between two parallel plates that are charged oppositely. One plate is positively charged, while the other is negatively charged. The electric field lines run perpendicular to the plates and are directed from the positive plate to the negative plate, creating a constant electric field in the region between them.

2. How can we calculate the electric field between two infinite plates?

The electric field (E) between two infinite parallel plates can be calculated using the formula E = σ / ε₀, where σ is the surface charge density of the plates, and ε₀ is the permittivity of free space (approximately 8.85 x 10-12 C²/(N·m²)). The electric field is uniform and directed from the positively charged plate to the negatively charged plate.

3. What is the effect of the distance between the plates on the electric field?

The distance between the two plates does not affect the magnitude of the electric field in the region between them, as long as the plates are infinite. The electric field remains constant regardless of the separation distance. However, for finite plates, the field strength can vary with distance from the plates.

4. What happens to the electric field if the charge on the plates is increased?

If the charge on the plates is increased, the surface charge density (σ) increases, which in turn increases the electric field (E) between the plates. According to the formula E = σ / ε₀, a higher charge leads to a stronger electric field, maintaining the same direction from the positive plate to the negative plate.

5. Are there any practical applications of the electric field created by two infinite plates?

Yes, the electric field created by two infinite plates has several practical applications, including in capacitors, which store electrical energy. These principles are also used in various electronic devices, electrostatic precipitators for air purification, and in the study of fundamental physics concepts such as electric fields and forces.

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