Electric field inside hollow conductor with a charge

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the behavior of electric fields within a hollow conductor containing a point charge, particularly in the context of Gauss' Law and electrostatic equilibrium. Participants explore the implications of charge distribution and the resulting electric fields both inside the conductor and within the cavity.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why charges in a hollow conductor do not rearrange to cancel the electric field inside the cavity where a point charge is located, suggesting an intuitive understanding of electrostatic equilibrium.
  • Another participant argues that a specific charge density in the shell would be required to produce an electric field that cancels the field from the point charge, but claims that no arrangement of charge density can achieve this within a spherical shell.
  • A different participant clarifies that a charge does not experience acceleration due to the electric field it produces, which is relevant to the concept of electrostatic equilibrium.
  • It is noted that charges in a hollow conductor are constrained to move within the conductor itself, implying that they cannot simply relocate to the cavity to cancel the internal charge.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the behavior of charges and electric fields in this scenario, indicating that multiple competing perspectives remain without a consensus on the underlying principles.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights assumptions about charge distribution and the nature of electric fields in conductors, as well as the implications of electrostatic equilibrium, without resolving these complexities.

Tiago3434
Ok, this might be a really dumb question, but I still am asking it: I was reading about gauss' Law when it comes to a hollow conductor with a (say) point charge inside it, and it seems intuitive to me that, in electrostatic equilibrium, the charges rearrange themselves to cancel the electric field inside it, after all, if there were a nonzero electric field, there would be acceleration, which violates the idea that the system is in electrostatic equilibrium. Here is the q: is there a reason (or intuition, perhaps) as to why the charges don't rearrange themselves to cancel all electric field inside it, including inside the cavity, where the point charge lies?
 
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For this to happen, you would need a charge density in the shell which produces an electric field inside the shell with the form ##-kq/r^{2}\;\hat{r}## to cancel out the electric field from the point charge. However, there is no arrangement of charge density in a spherical shell which can produce such an electric field inside the shell.
 
Tiago3434 said:
...after all, if there were a nonzero electric field, there would be acceleration, which violates the idea that the system is in electrostatic equilibrium.

A charge is not affected by the electric field that it produces, so no acceleration.
 
The charges can't go just anywhere. By definition of a "hollow" conductor, they are constrained to move only inside the conductor. If not, they would move to the place where you placed your internal charge and cancel it out.
 

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