Electric field insulating rod Question

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ToonBlue
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Homework Statement


Worked solution from a textbook page: a semicircular rod with radius r and angle phi, a differential electric field vector dE pointing toward O, and the formula dE = kQ/L^2 times the bracket of sin phi minus cos phi, times dphi.


Handwritten-style derivation of the electric field of a semicircular rod, integrating dE from phi = 0 to pi, giving E = (pi k Q / L^2)[2, 0] = [-2.16 x 10^7, 0] N/C with substituted values.

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution



This is problem I have found online and this is the part I don't understand how they come up with this.
Equation d E vector = k dq / r^2 times the unit vector (sin phi, minus cos phi), a differential electric field element written in component form.

How did they get this for the x component since y component cancel out due to being symmetry ?
Vector expression [sin φ, −cos φ] written in brackets, a unit vector with components sin φ and negative cos φ.
 
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Equation for the electric field from a point charge: dE = dq / (4π ε0 r^2) times the unit vector r-hat, with the vector arrow on dE.

The above is the formula given in my lecture note .

In the solution provided in the problem , it is given as
Equation for the differential electric field dE = kdq/r^2 times the vector [sin phi, -cos phi].
which means that
Small mathematical expression in square brackets: the unit vector [sin φ, −cos φ], written as a column vector with components sin φ and −cos φ.
is the unit direction of the component.

In this case , since there is no y component (symmetry) , it has only x component but how do they get
Small formula showing the unit vector [sin φ, −cos φ] written as a bracketed pair of components.
?
 
The y component will cancel out I think when you take the Integral over all points towards point O. I believe the formula ( at the end ) provided in the solution is trying to calculate the dE at point O.
Wait for more qualified members to reply. I am taking Electricity and Magnetism course right now :)
 
The diagram in your first post shows you dE; it's the field you'll see at O due to the charge contained in the short length, dl. The electric field at any point has both a magnitude (illustrated by the arrow having a length) and a direction (shown by the angle of arrow dE to the reference axes).

It's not until you sum the fields due to multiple fragments of charge will you see cancellations, this entails integrating dE for all of the line charge.
 
ToonBlue said:

Homework Statement


View attachment 88284

View attachment 88288

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution



This is problem I have found online and this is the part I don't understand how they come up with this.
View attachment 88285
How did they get this for the x component since y component cancel out due to being symmetry ?
View attachment 88286
The y component cancels out only after you have integrated dE.
 
May I know why does the dE point away and not toward the dL?
 
ToonBlue said:
May I know why does the dE point away and not toward the dL?[/QUOThe arc L is negatively charged. The direction of the E field is the direction of the force on a positive unit of charge. So the E field is directed towards the arc L, as you say.
If you got the impression it's directed away from L it's probably because of the picture. However, the picture is still right since the answer is negative.