Electrodes Impedances: Replacement of Galvanometers

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the replacement of galvanometers with high-gain amplifiers in electromyography (EMG) technology, which enabled the use of smaller electrodes with higher impedances for recording lower amplitude electrical potentials. This advancement, noted in the Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Chapter 14, significantly improved the precision of EMG measurements since the introduction of active amplifiers in 1929. Smaller electrodes, specifically EMG electrodes, can now be utilized effectively due to this technological shift.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electromyography (EMG) principles
  • Familiarity with high-gain amplifiers
  • Knowledge of electrode types and their characteristics
  • Basic concepts of electrical impedance
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the specifications and applications of high-gain amplifiers in biomedical instrumentation
  • Explore the design and functionality of EMG electrodes
  • Study the historical advancements in EMG technology and their impact on clinical practices
  • Learn about electrical impedance and its relevance in biomedical measurements
USEFUL FOR

Biomedical engineers, electronic engineers, researchers in electromyography, and professionals involved in the development of medical instrumentation will benefit from this discussion.

electronic engineer
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I need a clarify for this statement:

Replacement of galvanometers with high-gain amplifiers allowed smaller electrodes with higher impedances to be used and potentials of smaller amplitudes to be recorded .
 
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Reference please. What type of electrodes?
 
I googled the whole phrase, and got a hit on the Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Chapter 14 on Electrodes -- "Principals of Electromyography":

http://books.google.com/books?id=6b...&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result

It's about the history of the instrumentation used for Electromyography (EMG), which is measuring the electical potentials generated from muscle contractions.

So to electronic engineer, yes, using an active amplifier instead of just a passive galvanometer was a nice advance in EMG technology in 1929. You can use smaller needles (EMG electrodes) when you use active amplifiers. Kinda' ancient history, though...
 

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