Electronic Signal and System problem: Ratio of signal energy

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around a homework problem involving the calculation of the ratio of output signal energy to input signal energy when an input signal is passed through a perfect lowpass filter. The context includes aspects of signal processing theory, specifically related to Fourier transforms and filter characteristics.

Discussion Character

  • Homework-related
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant presents the problem and their initial calculations for input energy, noting the expression for the input signal.
  • Another participant suggests treating the lowpass filter as ideal, proposing that the output signal can be directly related to the input signal within the bandwidth limits for integration.
  • A question is raised about the nature of the input signal, specifically whether it is defined for all time or only for positive time, which affects the Fourier transform used.
  • Further clarification is provided regarding the difference between the Fourier integral and the Fourier transform, indicating that the choice of definition impacts the analysis of transient signals.
  • Concerns are expressed about the implications of the signal definition on the Fourier transform results, highlighting the differences in high-frequency components and energy loss when applying the lowpass filter.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the need to clarify the definition of the input signal and its implications for the Fourier transform. However, there remains uncertainty regarding the correct approach to the problem, with multiple viewpoints on how to proceed with the calculations and interpretations.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved assumptions regarding the definition of the input signal, particularly whether it is valid for all time or only for positive time. This distinction affects the Fourier transform and the subsequent calculations of energy ratios.

nidhalc
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Homework Statement


x(t) is input into a perfect lowpass filter with frequency response H(ω), having a bandwidth of BHz and a passband gain of 1. For B = (2πT)-1 Hz, calculate the ratio of the output signal energy to the input signal energy.


Homework Equations


x(t) = Ae-|t|/T

The Attempt at a Solution


I got |x(jω)| = A/(1+jω)
Using input energy Wi = (1/pi)[itex]\int[/itex][itex]\infty[/itex]0|x(jω)|2 I got Wi to be A2/2

The output energy Wo = (1/pi)[itex]\int[/itex][itex]\infty[/itex]0|xo(jω)|2, where xo(jω) = X(jω)H(jω)

but I'm unable to find any equation which links the frequency response to the bandwidth in order to get the output energy. I have that |H(ω)| = gain which in this instance is = 1. Is that all I need? I've a feeling I'm missing something very basic here. Any hints or clues appreciated!
 
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As it refers to it being a perfect low pass filter could you take it as being ideal and so xo(jω) = x(jω) and then use the bandwidth as the interval over which you're integrating, so you'd be integrating according to 0<|ω| < B? Sound right to anyone?
 
Yes that's what is expected here.

One question though. Is your signal [itex]A e^{-|t|/T}[/itex] for all t, or is it [itex]A\,u(t)\,e^{-t/T}[/itex]?

Your Fourier transform seems to be that of the latter (but with T=1).
 
Thank you so much for getting back to me. It never specified so I took t>0. Would the Fourier transform still be correct were that the case? In the Fourier transform examples we were given we were always given t>0.
 
There is a difference between the Fourier integral and the Fourier transform. For transient inputs/outputs (t>= 0) it's the Fourier integral - used when the input is a single pulse, like yours. The Fourier transform covers all t and is analogous to the two-sided Laplace transform.
 
nidhalc said:
Thank you so much for getting back to me. It never specified so I took t>0. Would the Fourier transform still be correct were that the case? In the Fourier transform examples we were given we were always given t>0.

Why would they bother specifying |t| if they were only taking t>0?

The answers are quite different for the two cases. For a start the FT for the u(t)exp(-t/T) case is A/(1/T+jω) whereas for the other case it's 2T/(1 + (ωT)^2)

The case with the step response has more high frequency components than the other case so you lose more of the signal when you LPF.

Have you found any results for the first case yet?
 
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