Electrons when their spin changes for hybridization?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the concept of electron spin changes during orbital hybridization, specifically in carbon's transition from its ground state configuration (2s2 2p2) to an excited state (sp3 hybridization). It highlights Hund's Rule, which dictates that electrons occupy all available orbitals singly before pairing, and clarifies that the spin direction of an electron can change during hybridization. The conversation concludes that while spin changes occur, they do not significantly affect molecular properties beyond electron location probabilities and orientations, as the hybridized state is considered an excited state.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Hund's Rule in quantum chemistry
  • Knowledge of orbital hybridization concepts
  • Familiarity with electron spin and its implications
  • Basic principles of quantum mechanics and excited states
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of electron spin in molecular bonding
  • Study the principles of quantum mechanics related to excited states
  • Explore the concept of orbital hybridization in other elements beyond carbon
  • Learn about the Pauli Exclusion Principle and its effects on electron configurations
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Chemistry students, educators, and researchers interested in quantum chemistry, molecular structure, and the behavior of electrons during hybridization processes.

megscarlette
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Forgive me in advance if this appears to be a dumb question but, as I was reviewing a few basic chemistry topics, namely orbital hybridization, I came across a question. From what I gather, according to Hund's Rule, an electron must be put into all open orbitals before the remaining orbitals can be filled with remaining electrons of opposite spins. For example, carbon's valance electrons originally concern themselves with the 2s2, 2p2 orbitals. To fill in the empty p orbital, it hybridizes to form sp3. The example I was looking at showed the electron that was moved from the 2s orbital to the p orbital spinning down whereas, in the hybridization configuration it was spinning up. Wouldn't the change in spin direction have an effect at least in the subatomic arena? Granted, I don't really know anything about particle physics but, I can't see how it would not effect something besides electron location probabilities and molecular orientations. Or maybe I'm on the wrong track. Thanks for any insights :)
 
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Hund's rules apply only for the ground state. The hypothetical hybridized state of the carbon atom is an excited state (sometimes one speaks of promotion in that context) as the p orbital has higher energy than the s and you are free to fill in the electrons and their spins at will (well, they still have to obey the Pauli principle).
 

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