@berkeman Thanks for the advice. We were thinking IP66 or 67 for the case. You're right to question my power consumption numbers. I misunderstood/made some mistakes in the way I calculated it. I can share methodology if these still look funky but @ the 12V line, I'm expecting a maximum of 2.023A or 24.27W for the systems power consumption.
This figure uses servo stall current, SBC startup power consumption(highest amount), the high end of capture card power consumption range, and the low end of regulator (USB-C and Buck) efficiency. My partner said the capture card and camera ran a little hot but not sure how much. I avoided using a linear voltage regulator(7805) for just that reason.
Would https://www.canadiantire.ca/en/pdp/mastercraft-digital-temperature-reader-0574554p.html be good for finding out how hot the camera/capture card run? Also, my partner was suggesting buying a PC fan(like for a gaming PC), for their relatively low draw, low price, and simplicity. This way we can help circulate air throughout the system. We were also considering filters.
Concerning powering the Servo from the Pi I'll forward the question to a Raspberry Pi forum. I read some links but it seems the matter is a little unclear.
Here are some enclosures I found at a local hardware store that I was considering(https://www.canadiantire.ca/en/pdp/maximum-waterproof-tool-box-large-0581545p.0581545.html and https://www.canadiantire.ca/en/pdp/mastercraft-heavy-duty-tinted-storage-tote-1421677p.1421679.html#gs). The storage case has an IP rating of 67. They aren't necessarily permanent(especially the tote), I was just thinking they are possibilities incase some case we order online takes a long time to get here(we've had issues b/c of covid).
First, we're going to take a couple of days to install/test the device indoors and then hopefully the next week it'll be mounted on the tractor and tested. The company doesn't spray on rainy days but I don't know they're tolerance. Nonetheless, I would say yes on it needs to be weatherproof. It also needs a high resistance to dust.