Energy level scheme for Helium

This is because bosons have integer spin, and electrons have spin 1/2. Therefore, for the second question, you should consider the fact that bosons have integer spin. In summary, the problem discusses the energy level scheme for helium for two scenarios: (a) if the electrons are identical bosons, and (b) if the electrons are distinguishable particles. For (a), the wavefunction must be symmetric for the triplet configuration and antisymmetric for the singlet configuration, while for (b), no symmetry requirement is necessary. The energy level schemes for parahelium and orthohelium will be the same for both scenarios, and for the second question, the fact that bosons have integer spin should be considered.
  • #1
silverwhale
84
2
The problem is number 5.10 in Griffths introduction to quantum mechanics, It goes as follows:

Discuss (qualitatively) the energy level scheme for helium if (a) electrons were identical bosons, and (b) if electrons were distinguishable particles (but with same mass and charge). Pretend these "electrons" still have spin 1/2, so the spin configurations are the singlet and the triplet.

I got very random ideas to solve this problem, the boson wave function being symmetric then the spatial wave function should be antisymmetric for the singlet configuration and symmetric for the triplet configuration, so the energy level schemes for orthohelium and parahelium are reversed.
First question, is this correct at all?
Second question, bosons are particles with integer spin should I consider this?

For distinguishable particles no symmetry requirement is made, so the particle can occupy any configuration, and the parahelium and orthohelium energy level scheme superimpose??

Thanks for your help!
 
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  • #2
Your ideas are in the right direction. Yes, if the electrons are identical bosons, then they must obey the Bose-Einstein statistics and the wavefunction must be symmetric for the triplet configuration and antisymmetric for the singlet configuration. For distinguishable particles, no symmetry requirement is necessary, so the particle can occupy any configuration. The energy level schemes for parahelium and orthohelium will not be reversed, but the same.
 

1. What is an energy level scheme for Helium?

An energy level scheme for Helium is a visual representation of the possible energy levels that an electron can occupy in a Helium atom. It shows the different energy levels in relation to each other and the corresponding transitions that occur when an electron moves between them.

2. How many energy levels does Helium have?

Helium has a total of 8 energy levels, labeled as n=1 to n=8. The first two levels, n=1 and n=2, are known as the K and L shells, and contain 2 and 8 electrons respectively. The remaining levels, n=3 to n=8, can hold a maximum of 18 electrons in total.

3. What is the significance of energy level transitions in Helium?

Energy level transitions in Helium are important because they are responsible for the emission and absorption of light. When an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower one, it emits energy in the form of light. Conversely, when an electron absorbs energy, it moves to a higher energy level.

4. What are the main energy level transitions in Helium?

The main energy level transitions in Helium are known as the Balmer series and the Lyman series. The Balmer series involves transitions between the n=2 and n=3 levels, while the Lyman series involves transitions between the n=1 and n=2 levels. These transitions result in the emission of visible and ultraviolet light respectively.

5. How does the energy level scheme for Helium compare to other elements?

The energy level scheme for Helium is unique because it only has 2 electrons, unlike other elements which have more. This means that the energy levels in Helium are relatively close together, resulting in fewer possible transitions. This makes Helium a simpler and more predictable system to study compared to other elements with more complex energy level schemes.

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