Equation for Water Flow Over Pipe Circular Hole

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SUMMARY

The equation for water flow over a circular hole in a pipe depends on the pipe's diameter and the flow rate of the water. For a pipe draining from a height of 5 meters, the specific conditions of the drainage, such as whether the pipe is self-draining or emptying a reservoir, significantly influence the flow dynamics. For detailed analysis, refer to the HDS5 Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts, a definitive resource available from the Federal Highway Administration.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of fluid dynamics principles
  • Familiarity with the concept of flow rate
  • Knowledge of hydraulic design standards
  • Basic mathematics for calculating water levels
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the principles of fluid dynamics in open channels
  • Study the HDS5 Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts
  • Learn about the Bernoulli equation and its applications
  • Explore the effects of pipe diameter on flow rate and water level
USEFUL FOR

Engineers, hydrologists, and students studying fluid mechanics or hydraulic design will benefit from this discussion, particularly those involved in drainage system design and analysis.

Moayd Shagaf
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suppose a water falling from pipe that above the ground with 5 meters,
what is the equation that describe the level of water ( h) from pipe the hole at every moment of time? consider the pipe hole is circle

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I'm not sure there is a simple equation for that, but it would depend on the diameter of the pipe and flow rate of the water.
 
Moayd Shagaf said:
suppose a water falling from pipe that above the ground with 5 meters
One might need more information.
Is the pipe draining itself, with no more water being added than initially. Length of pipe might be useful.
Or a pipe that is emptying say a reservoir with a small head, such as a culvert from one side of the road to the other into a ditch.
Look up channel flow and you might find something there.
 
If this is a culvert problem, then the definitive resource is HDS5 Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts. Google the title, it's available free online from the Federal Highway Administration.
 

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