Establishing a smooth differential structure on the ellipsoid

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on constructing a C∞ natural differential structure on the ellipsoid defined by the equation \(\frac{x_{1}^{2}}{a^{2}}+\frac{x_{2}^{2}}{b^{2}}+\frac{x_{3}^{2}}{c^{2}}=1\). The user seeks to establish a diffeomorphism between the ellipsoid and the 2-sphere (S²) by utilizing stereographic projection and coordinate transformations. The charts provided, \(\varphi\) and \(\psi\), are designed to demonstrate smoothness and valid mappings, with the user questioning the necessity of proving homeomorphism and smoothness for these transformations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of differential geometry concepts, specifically C∞ structures.
  • Familiarity with stereographic projection techniques.
  • Knowledge of homeomorphism and diffeomorphism definitions.
  • Proficiency in coordinate transformations and their smoothness criteria.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the properties of C∞ natural differential structures on manifolds.
  • Study the process of establishing diffeomorphisms between different geometric objects.
  • Learn about the role of multiple charts in defining smooth structures on manifolds.
  • Explore advanced topics in differential topology related to ellipsoids and spheres.
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, particularly those specializing in differential geometry and topology, as well as students tackling advanced geometry problems involving manifolds and smooth structures.

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Homework Statement


Construct a C natural differential structure on the ellipsoid

[itex]\left\{(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3})\in E | \frac{x_{1}^{2}}{a^{2}}+\frac{x_{2}^{2}}{b^{2}}+ \frac{x_{3}^{2}}{c^{2}}=1\right\}[/itex]

Is this diffeomorphic to S2? Explain.


Homework Equations



Do I need to prove homeomorphism for my functions mapping E to ℝ2?
How to/ do I need to prove smoothness for my coordinate transformations, and my diffeomorphism to S2? Are my charts valid?, I use one stereographic projection chart for the ellipsoid minus 1 point, then a "drop the z coordinate" mapping for the top half including the point I missed.

The Attempt at a Solution


Here are my charts,

[itex]\varphi:U\rightarrowℝ^{2}[/itex]
[itex]U = E-{(0,0,c)}[/itex]
[itex]φ(x_{1},x_{2},x_{3}) = (\frac{x_{1}}{c-x_{3}},\frac{x_{2}}{c-x_{3}},0)[/itex]

[itex]ψ:V\rightarrowℝ^{2}[/itex]
[itex]V = \left\{(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3})\in V | x_{3}>0\right\}[/itex]
[itex]φ(x_{1},x_{2},x_{3}) = (x_{1},x_{2},0)[/itex]

To be a differential structure, the coordinate transformation must be smooth
[itex]φψ^{-1}:ψ(U\cap V)\rightarrowℝ^{2}[/itex]
[itex]φψ^{-1}(x_{1},x_{2},x_{3})=(\frac{x_{1}}{c-\sqrt{1-x_{1}^{2}-x_{2}^{2}}},\frac{x_{2}}{c-\sqrt{1-x_{1}^{2}-x_{2}^{2}}},0)[/itex]
It is pretty clear to me these charts are smooth for the values it would need to operate on, need to prove?

This is where it gets dicey, I need to find a smooth mapping from the ellipsoid to the 2 sphere, will I need multiple charts, here is one for the positive coordinates.
[itex]F = \left\{(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3})\in F | x_{3}>0\right\}[/itex]
[itex]f(x_{1},x_{2},x_{3}) = (a^{2}x_{1}^{2}, b^{2}x_{2}^{2}, c^{2}x_{3}^{2})[/itex]
[itex]f(F) = \left\{(x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3})\in S^{2} | x_{3}>0\right\}[/itex]

So, am I on the right track to construct this diffeomorphism?
 
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