How Do Photons from Very Old Galaxies Reach the Hubble Telescope?

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With the Hubble telescope now able to see back in time by as much as 10 billion years, can anyone explain the path of the photons from very old galaxies entering the HST during the last 10 billion years and particulary where they were around 4,500 million years ago?
 
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I'm guessing you're wondering how they could be traveling for 10Gy if, 4.5Gy ago the universe was a mere 4.5Gly wide.

Think about running up a 'down' escalator. If you do it right, you can run for a half mile on an escalator that is only 100 yards long.

While light from a galaxy 4.5Gy ago may have started out only a few Mly away, the universe has expanded greatly in the time it traveled here, so its jounrey was vastly extended.
 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination_(cosmology) Was a matter density right after the decoupling low enough to consider the vacuum as the actual vacuum, and not the medium through which the light propagates with the speed lower than ##({\epsilon_0\mu_0})^{-1/2}##? I'm asking this in context of the calculation of the observable universe radius, where the time integral of the inverse of the scale factor is multiplied by the constant speed of light ##c##.
The formal paper is here. The Rutgers University news has published a story about an image being closely examined at their New Brunswick campus. Here is an excerpt: Computer modeling of the gravitational lens by Keeton and Eid showed that the four visible foreground galaxies causing the gravitational bending couldn’t explain the details of the five-image pattern. Only with the addition of a large, invisible mass, in this case, a dark matter halo, could the model match the observations...
Hi, I’m pretty new to cosmology and I’m trying to get my head around the Big Bang and the potential infinite extent of the universe as a whole. There’s lots of misleading info out there but this forum and a few others have helped me and I just wanted to check I have the right idea. The Big Bang was the creation of space and time. At this instant t=0 space was infinite in size but the scale factor was zero. I’m picturing it (hopefully correctly) like an excel spreadsheet with infinite...
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