Find all orthogonal matrices in R

nuuskur
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Homework Statement


Assuming I understand the problem correctly, I need to define the set of all orthogonal matrices.

Homework Equations



The Attempt at a Solution


Per the definition of orthogonal matrix: Matrix ##A\in Mat_n(\mathbb{R})## is orthogonal if ##A^tA = I##
If ##O## is the set of all orthogonal matrices in ##\mathbb{R}## then:
O = \bigcup_{k=2}^n \{X\in Mat_k(\mathbb{R})\ |\ \ X^tX = I \}
I don't see anything wrong with this set, but it seems too naive. Can it be this simple?
 
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What, exactly, do you mean by "find" the set of all orthogonal matrices? What you have written is, essentially, just that "the set of all orthogonal matrices is the set of all matrices satisfying the definition of orthogonal matrix".

What was the precise wording of the problem? If it was, say, "find the set of all 2 by 2 orthogonal matrices" then you would want a relation to be satisfied by a, b, c, and d, such that \begin{bmatrix}a & b \\ c & d \end{bmatrix} is an orthogonal matrix.
 
HallsofIvy said:
What, exactly, do you mean by "find" the set of all orthogonal matrices?

I agree, it's impossible to find a matrix on ##\mathbb{R}##.
 
I very much agree, but that is how the problem is worded word for word.
 
There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...
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