Finding Angles Between Horizontal Planes and Multivariable Functions

[TranscendArcu]

Homework Statement

Suppose a mountain is described by the function z = 10x^2 * y − 5x^2 − 4y^2 − x^4 − 2y^4 and that you are standing at the point (1,1,−2). The positive x-axis points east and the positive y- axis points north. If you walk in the northeast direction what angle above the horizontal does your path make?

Homework Equations

cos(θ) = (v • w)/(|v||w|) (But I'm not sure this is even relevant.)
z - z0 = fx(x0,y0)(x-x0) + fy(x0,y0)(y-y0)

The Attempt at a Solution

I am not convinced that this will work, but I intend to find a tangent plane at (1,1,-2). Then, using the normal vectors I have between the tangent and the xy-plane, I will calculate the angle.

fx = 20xy - 10x - 4x^3
fy = 10x^2 - 8y - 8y^3

Evaluated at (1,1) gives,

fx = 6
fy = -6

so,

z + 2 = 6(x-1) - 6(y-1), which I rearrange to give,

0 = 6(x-1) - 6(y-1) - 1(z + 2)

So, I think I have normal vector <6,-6,-1>, and a normal vector on the xy-plane, <0,0,1>.

So,

cos(θ) = (-1)/sqrt(73). So θ = arccos((-1)/sqrt(73)), which is obtuse, so, replacing <0,0,1> with its negative gives θ = arccos((1)/sqrt(73))

 

[HallsofIvy]

What you need is the directional derivative: if D_\theta f(x, y) is the derivative of f(x,y) in the direction that makes angle \theta with the positive x-axis (so that \partial f/\partial x= D_0 f and \partial f/\partial y= D_{\theta/2} f, then
D_\theta f= \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} cos(\theta)+ \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} sin(\theta)

Similarly, if \vec{v} is a unit vector the derivative in the direction of that vector is
\nabla f \cdot \vec{v}.
"Northeast", given that the positive x-axis is east and the positive y-axis north, is at angle \theta= \pi/4 which is the same as the direction of unit vector \vec{v}= (\vec{i}+ \vec{j})/\sqrt{2}

Once you know the "rate of change", "rise over run", in that direction, just take the inverse tangent to get the angle.

No, \theta is NOT "arccos(1)/\sqrt{73}".

"fx = 6 fy = -6" should give you the answer immediately.

 

[TranscendArcu]

So, by the definition of the directional derivative: ∇f ⋅ v⃗. Then my directional derivative should be <6,-6> • <1/sqrt(2),1/sqrt(2)>. This gives a dot product of 0.

Arctan(0) = 0, which does not seem correct to me.