Finding Kernel, Image, Rank, Nullity of Matrix

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The discussion focuses on finding the kernel, image, rank, and nullity of a given matrix. The matrix has been reduced to its row-reduced echelon form (rref), revealing a row of zeros, which indicates the presence of free variables. The kernel consists of vectors satisfying specific linear equations derived from the matrix, while the image is defined by the set of vectors that can be expressed as Ax for some vector x. The rank corresponds to the number of pivot columns in the rref, and the nullity is determined by the dimensions of the kernel. Understanding these concepts is essential for solving linear algebra problems related to matrices.
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Homework Statement


Find Kernel, Image, Rank and Nullity of the matrix
1 −1 1 1 
| 1 2 −1 1 |
0 3 -2 0 

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


I have reduced the matrix into rref of
3 0 1 3
0 3-2 0
0 0 0 0
But am struggling to find the column vectors which are the solutions of that, which I believe is the kernel
And then I know that the rank and nullity are the dimensions of the image and kernel respectively
 
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The "kernel" of matrix A is the set of all vectors v such that Av= 0. If you write vector v as (a, b, c, d) then any vector in the kernel must satisfy a- b+ c+ d= 0, a+ 2b- c+ d= 0, and 3b- 2c= 0. The "image" is the set of all vectors, v, such that Ax= v for some vector x. If we write vector x as (a, b, c, d) then v must be (x, y, z) such that a- b+ c+ d= x, a+ 2b- c+ d= y, and 3b- 2c= z for some numbers a, b ,c, and d.
 
Question: A clock's minute hand has length 4 and its hour hand has length 3. What is the distance between the tips at the moment when it is increasing most rapidly?(Putnam Exam Question) Answer: Making assumption that both the hands moves at constant angular velocities, the answer is ## \sqrt{7} .## But don't you think this assumption is somewhat doubtful and wrong?

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