Force between two oppositely charged conducting spheres

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the force between two oppositely charged conducting spheres, particularly focusing on the conditions under which their interaction can be approximated as that of point charges. The scope includes theoretical considerations and potential implications for problem-solving in electrodynamics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that at large distances, the force between the spheres can be treated similarly to that between two oppositely charged point charges due to the electric field characteristics.
  • It is proposed that if the charge distribution on each sphere is radially symmetric, the point charge approximation holds true, especially at large distances.
  • One participant notes that the radially symmetric charge distribution is only valid at very large distances and references a specific text for an exact solution.
  • Another participant introduces the idea that at large distances, the conductance of the spheres becomes negligible and suggests including dipole correction terms in a more rigorous analysis.
  • There is a suggestion that a serious examination of the problem would require evaluating the charge distribution of the spheres while considering their mutual influence, indicating a need for solving Laplace's equation under specific boundary conditions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the applicability of the point charge approximation and the significance of charge distribution at various distances. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the exact nature of the force and the necessary considerations for a complete analysis.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations related to the assumptions of charge distribution symmetry and the implications of distance on conductance, as well as the need for specific mathematical solutions under given conditions.

AxiomOfChoice
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...if the spheres are separated by a large distance - one with charge Q, the other with charge -Q - isn't the force between them just the same as the force between two oppositely charged point charges, since the electric field produced by one of the spheres "looks like" the field of a point charge to the other sphere?
 
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If the charge distribution on each sphere is radially symmetric, the force between is the same as for two point charges. If they are conducting spheres, this is approximately true at large distances.
 
Hi Axiom
The charge distribution is radially symmetric only at very large distances. There is an exact solution in Smythe "Static and Dynamic Electricity", 3rd Edition, page 128-129.
Bob S
 
"Large distances" would also make conductance of spheres insignificant.

If this was an exam problem in a serious Electrodynamics course, I'd give an answer as the force from point-like charges + the dipole correction terms. That seems to be what the "conducting spheres" is hinting at.
 
K^2 said:
"Large distances" would also make conductance of spheres insignificant.

If this was an exam problem in a serious Electrodynamics course, I'd give an answer as the force from point-like charges + the dipole correction terms. That seems to be what the "conducting spheres" is hinting at.

I'm not sure that would be enough..

If it were a serious question, I would assume the problem was to evaluate the charge distribution of two charged spheres, each in the others field.
The only information you have is that the spheres are equipotential surfaces...
We're looking for a solution to Laplace's equation in three dimensions with the stated boundary condition.
Probably not difficult to anyone rather more clever than I. :biggrin:
 

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