The relationship between frequency and viscous friction in a spring involves understanding Hooke's law and the dynamics of damped oscillators. The angular frequency is calculated using the formula w = square root of (k/m), where k is the spring constant and m is the mass. In a damped oscillator, viscous friction is modeled as proportional to velocity, which affects the system's behavior but not the frequency directly. To analyze the system further, one can solve the ordinary differential equation (ODE) using known values of the spring constant and frequency. This approach allows for the determination of velocity as a function of displacement.