Exploring the OPERA Neutrino FTL Result

In summary, the FTL neutrino result from the OPERA experiment is still being questioned, with the possibility that the neutrinos may have traveled back in time. Moving the detector further away may result in an even earlier arrival time, but the actual detection time may still be later. The equal arrival time of neutrinos and light from supernova SN 1987A has been taken as evidence for neutrinos traveling at the speed of light, but the question of whether their speed is linked to their energy remains. The difference in the type of neutrinos detected in SN 1987A and OPERA raises the question of whether different types of neutrinos may travel at different speeds, and the effect of decay on velocity is also a factor to
  • #1
QuantumLex
1
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Okay, so, the FTL neutrino result from the OPERA experiment is still being questioned, and that's good. But, assuming they really did travel faster than light, I have a few questions:

1.
Didn't we learn that if things travel faster than light then they travel back in time? So if the neutrinos traveled faster than light and arrived a little bit earlier than light, then they traveled back in time for that little bit.
What if we place the detector further away? Wouldn't the resulting arrival time then be earlier still, or at least "earlier" in that its velocity will be measured to be a greater multiplier of the speed of light, even if the actual detection occurred later in time (i.e., at 1x kilometers its detected velocity would be, say, 1.0001c, and at 10x kilometers, its detected velocity would be, say, 1.0010c)?

2.
The measured arrival time of neutrinos and light from supernova SN 1987A as being basically equal, is taken as evidence that neutrinos travel at the speed of light. But the question has been postulated of whether the speed of neutrinos is linked to their energy. So, if the neutrinos and photons were created in the same reaction, wouldn’t the neutrinos and light from SN 1987A be expected to reach us at the same time (this says nothing about their speed except in relation to each other).

3.
There's a difference in the type of neutrinos detected from SN 1987A and in the OPERA experiment. The question remains whether the type of neutrino matters (i.e., whether muon neutrinos and electron neutrinos travel at different speeds). There is also the additional factor that in OPERA the neutrinos started out as muon neutrinos but were detected as electron neutrinos. What is the effect of decay on velocity?
 
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  • #2

1. What is the OPERA experiment and what does it stand for?

The OPERA experiment stands for Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus. It is a collaboration of over 160 scientists from 13 countries, working to study neutrino oscillations and properties. The experiment takes place at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy and utilizes a 730 kiloton instrumented volume of the CERN-SPS neutrino beam.

2. What is the significance of the OPERA neutrino FTL result?

The OPERA neutrino FTL (faster-than-light) result, published in 2011, caused a lot of excitement and controversy in the scientific community. It suggested that neutrinos, a type of subatomic particle, were traveling faster than the speed of light. This would have challenged Einstein's theory of relativity, which states that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. However, further analysis and experiments have since shown that the result was due to a faulty measurement and the neutrinos were not actually traveling faster than light.

3. How did the OPERA experiment measure the speed of neutrinos?

The OPERA experiment used a technique called time-of-flight measurement to determine the speed of neutrinos. A beam of neutrinos was sent from CERN in Switzerland to the Gran Sasso Laboratory in Italy, a distance of 730 kilometers. The time it took for the neutrinos to travel this distance was measured and compared to the time it would have taken for light to travel the same distance. Any difference in time would indicate that the neutrinos were traveling at a different speed than light.

4. Why did the OPERA experiment's initial result show neutrinos traveling faster than light?

The initial result showing neutrinos traveling faster than light was due to a faulty measurement. The OPERA experiment used GPS devices to accurately measure the distance between CERN and the Gran Sasso Laboratory. However, it was later discovered that the GPS devices were not properly synchronized, leading to an error in the measurement of time. This error resulted in the appearance that the neutrinos were traveling faster than light.

5. What has been the outcome of the OPERA neutrino FTL controversy?

The OPERA neutrino FTL controversy has led to increased scrutiny and improvements in experimental techniques and measurements. It also highlighted the importance of peer review and the scientific method in validating and replicating results. The initial result has been disproven and the OPERA experiment continues to study neutrino oscillations and properties with more accurate and precise measurements.

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