# Fundamental Theorem of Calc., Inc./Dec., and concavity

1. Apr 26, 2012

### Qube

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data

I am having extreme trouble with the following problems:

http://i.minus.com/iYs6ix6otGtLV.png [Broken]

2. Relevant equations

For 26:

If the first derivative is positive, then the function is increasing. If the first derivative is negative, then the function is decreasing.

If the second derivative is positive, then the function is concave up. If the second derivative is negative, then the function is concave down.

I tried setting (lnx)/x > 0 but I am having difficulty solving this inequality.

I also tried setting (1-lnx)/x^2 > 0 but I am having difficulty solving this inequality.

For 27:

The constant is a dummy variable, and can be ignored. I used the second fundamental theorem of calculus and substituted in 2x, getting the square root of (4x^2 - 2x). I plugged in 2 and got the square root of 12. The answer key says E. Why am I wrong?

Last edited by a moderator: May 5, 2017
2. Apr 26, 2012

### AliAhmed

For number 27)

Another way of expressing the second fundamental theorem is:

$\frac{d}{dx}$$\int^{h(x)}_{c}g(t)dt$ = h'(x)*g(h(x))

Just applying the above equation:
h'(x) = 2
g(h(x)) = $\sqrt{(2x)2-(2x)}$ = $\sqrt{4x2 - 2x}$
g(h(2)) = $\sqrt{12}$
f'(2) = h'(2)*g(h(2)) = 2$\sqrt{12}$

Last edited: Apr 26, 2012
3. Apr 26, 2012

### AliAhmed

For number 26)

Firstly, the function is only defined for x > 0.

- In the equation below, since x is always positive and x cannot equal zero, we can multiply through by x:
$\frac{ln(x)}{x}$ > 0
ln(x) > 0
- The natural logarithm is 0 when x = 1 and is larger than 0 (the derivative is positive) when x > 1. Therefore, the function is increasing for x > 1 and decreasing for 0 < x < 1.

- In the equation below, since x2 is always positive and x2 cannot equal zero, we can multiply through by x2:
$\frac{1-ln(x)}{x2}$ > 0
1 - ln(x) > 0
ln(x) < 1
- The natural logarithm is 1 when x = e and is less than 1 (the second derivative is positive) when 0 < x < e. Therefore, the function is concave up for 0 < x < e and concave down for x > e.

If I am unclear in any way, I will be glad to clarify.

Last edited: Apr 26, 2012