Gravitation - Changing Orbit Dynamics

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the dynamics of a spaceship transitioning from a circular orbit to an elliptical orbit after a 50% reduction in speed due to engine firing. The initial velocity of the spaceship is derived as ##v_f = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{4r_0}}##, where M is the mass of the planet, G is the gravitational constant, and ##r_0## is the initial orbital radius. Participants confirm the correctness of the calculations and emphasize the importance of understanding initial conditions without making misleading assumptions about the orbit.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of gravitational forces and orbital mechanics
  • Familiarity with centripetal acceleration concepts
  • Knowledge of basic physics equations involving mass, gravitational constant, and radius
  • Ability to manipulate and solve algebraic equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the principles of elliptical orbits in celestial mechanics
  • Learn about the conservation of energy in orbital dynamics
  • Explore the effects of varying speeds on orbital paths
  • Investigate the implications of thrust and propulsion on spacecraft trajectories
USEFUL FOR

Physics students, aerospace engineers, and anyone interested in orbital mechanics and spacecraft dynamics will benefit from this discussion.

Lord Anoobis
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Homework Statement


A spaceship is in a circular orbit of radius ##r_0## about a planet of mass M. A brief but intense firing of its engine in the forward direction decreases the spaceship's speed by 50%. This causes the spaceship to move into an elliptical orbit.
a) What is the spaceship's, just after the rocket burn is completed, in terms of M, G and ##r_0##?
b) In terms of ##r_0##, what are the spaceship's minimum and maximum distance from the planet in its new orbit?

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


Let's look at part a first. This is an even numbered problem and I'm not sure about the answer.
Let ##v_i = 2v_f## and the mass of the ship be m
Just after firing, the movement can still be considered circular and the ship experiences a centripetal acceleration of
##a_r = \frac{F}{m}##, leading to
##\frac{GmM}{r_0^2} = m\frac{(2v_f)^2}{r_0}##
##v_f = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{4r_0}}##
Is this correct?
 
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Lord Anoobis said:
Just after firing, the movement can still be considered circular
This statement is a bit misleading. Just calculate the initial velocity in terms of M, G and r0, then you don't need assumptions about the orbit (you know the initial orbit) to find vf.

The answer is right.
 
mfb said:
This statement is a bit misleading. Just calculate the initial velocity in terms of M, G and r0, then you don't need assumptions about the orbit (you know the initial orbit) to find vf.

The answer is right.
Looking at now I can see just how obvious and simple it is. But that's what happens when doing physics problems as the time approaches midnight. Thanks for the input.
 

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