Gravity and velocity of a body in an elliptical orbit

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the velocity of a body in an elliptical orbit, particularly focusing on the relationship between the body's velocity at its closest point to a star and its velocity at the farthest point. Participants explore different methods to derive these velocities, including angular momentum conservation and gravitational forces.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant proposes using angular momentum conservation to relate the velocities at different points in the orbit, suggesting that V = (r/R)v.
  • Another participant challenges the use of centripetal acceleration equations, stating they apply to circular motion rather than elliptical motion.
  • A further participant questions whether gravitational force can be used to analyze the motion, suggesting a focus on gravitational potential energy versus kinetic energy.
  • There is a discussion about the constancy of the sum of kinetic energy (KE) and gravitational potential energy (GPE), with one participant asserting that it may not be necessary to consider this in all cases.
  • Another participant notes that if the mass of the central body (M) is much greater than the orbiting body (m), the approximation holds true in an inertial frame, but this complicates the general case as it requires knowledge of M to find V.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the applicability of centripetal acceleration to elliptical orbits and the relevance of energy conservation principles. There is no consensus on the best method to analyze the problem, and several competing viewpoints remain unresolved.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight limitations in their approaches, including the dependence on the mass of the central body and the assumptions regarding the nature of the orbit (circular vs. elliptical). The discussion reflects uncertainty about the applicability of certain methods to the problem at hand.

Suraj M
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consider a body revolving around a star and having a velocity v when closest to the star ( distance r) then the velocity of the body at a point farthest ( distance R) is?
1)by angular momentum conservation ::
r × mv = R× mV
»V = (r/R).v

2) By centrifugal and gravitatinal force
v²/r = GM/r²
v² α 1/r
in this we can get V = (r/R)½ v

the angular momentum method is the right method ... but what am i missing out on from method no. 2??
 
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Suraj M said:
v²/r
That's the centripetal acceleration for circular motion, not elliptical motion in general.
 
A.T. said:
That's the centripetal acceleration for circular motion, not elliptical motion in general.
considering a small sector of the particles motion ..can't we use this
if not then how do we solve this through gravitational force??
 
Suraj M said:
considering a small sector of the particles motion ..can't we use this
No.

Suraj M said:
if not then how do we solve this through gravitational force??
Gravitational potential energy vs. kinetic energy?
 
A.T. said:
No.

Gravitational potential energy vs. kinetic energy?
how'd you do that? Is the sum of the KE and GPE const.?? that's not necessary is it?
 
Suraj M said:
Is the sum of the KE and GPE const.?? that's not necessary is it?
If M >> m then it's approximately true in the approximately inertial rest frame of M. Otherwise you have to consider the KE of M too.
 
A.T. said:
If M >> m then it's approximately true in the approximately inertial rest frame of M. Otherwise you have to consider the KE of M too.
but in that way i would need the mass of the central body to find V ...and that's not a general case..
 

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