Undergrad Orbital maneuver by applying a thrust in the radial direction

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the effects of applying thrust in the radial direction at perigee on a spacecraft's energy and angular momentum. It is established that while radial thrust increases the spacecraft's energy due to a change in velocity, it does not alter angular momentum because the thrust is central. The eccentricity of the orbit increases as a result of this thrust, leading to a more prolate ellipse. The conversation highlights the nuances of thrust direction and its implications on orbital mechanics, particularly in the context of Newtonian physics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of orbital mechanics and eccentricity calculations
  • Familiarity with Newton's laws of motion, particularly the second law
  • Knowledge of angular momentum and energy conservation principles
  • Basic grasp of vector mathematics and forces in physics
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of thrust direction on orbital mechanics
  • Learn about the rocket equation and its applications in spacecraft propulsion
  • Explore the concept of impulse and its effects on momentum and energy
  • Investigate the relationship between thrust, velocity, and orbital eccentricity
USEFUL FOR

Aerospace engineers, physicists, and students studying orbital dynamics who seek to deepen their understanding of thrust effects on spacecraft trajectories.

  • #61
jbriggs444 said:
If I were less lazy,
You wouldn't know a short fellow called Tom Sawyer would you ?...
Anyhow I took what @DrStupid did and made a little graph which I find useful. First I will choose some natural units ##r_0,g_0, m=1## to write the effective potential$$V_{eff}(r)=\frac 1 {2r^2}-\frac 1 r -a(r-1)$$ where I have changed the zero for the "added" radial potential . The graph and a "blown up" version near the minimum show the potential for various values of a. I think it comports with all the analyses.
I need pictures.
 

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  • #62
hutchphd said:
You wouldn't know a short fellow called Tom Sawyer would you ?...
ROFL. Only a really smart person is good enough to do those boards.
 
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  • #63
hutchphd said:
Anyhow I took what @DrStupid did and made a little graph which I find useful. First I will choose some natural units ##r_0,g_0, m=1## to write the effective potential$$V_{eff}(r)=\frac 1 {2r^2}-\frac 1 r -a(r-1)$$ where I have changed the zero for the "added" radial potential . The graph and a "blown up" version near the minimum show the potential for various values of a. I think it comports with all the analyses.
I need pictures.
Yes, thank you! This is what I envisioned in post #56. I added some additional marks to your plot. For thrust higher than 0.125 the right maximum of the potential will drop below the value of the circular orbit (dotted red line) and can be overcome to escape.

eff_pot.png
 
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