How can coherent wave not have constant phase difference

In summary, wave interference requires sources to be coherent, meaning they emit identical waves with a constant phase difference. This phase difference, represented by theta in the formula y=A*cos(wt + theta), can fluctuate due to external factors such as temperature or changes in the electrical power source of the wave. The magnitude of these fluctuations depends on the extent to which the source is affected by the external factor.
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Yinxiao Li
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One condition for wave interference is that the sources of the waves must be coherent, which means they emit identical waves with a constant phase difference.

I can understand that identical waves means they have the same wavelength. However, I don't understand what is a constant phase difference. The phase difference is always a constant, isn't it? But this definition clearly implies that it could be a non-constant.

y=A*cos(wt + theta), where theta is the initial phase.
 
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  • #2
Yinxiao Li said:
y=A*cos(wt + theta), where theta is the initial phase.
Practical sources never behave such that ##\theta## is strictly independent of time, in reality no matter how good a source is, the condition inside the source may be changing in time, e.g. due to temperature or fluctuation in electrical power source. This leads to either small or big fluctuation of ##\theta##. How big or small the initial phase fluctuates depends on the amount of how large the source is changed by whatever cause is there.
 
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1. How is it possible for a coherent wave to not have a constant phase difference?

Coherent waves are defined as two waves with the same frequency, wavelength, and amplitude, traveling in the same direction. This means that they have a constant phase difference, where the peaks and troughs of the waves align with each other. However, if the waves are reflected, refracted, or diffracted, their phase difference can change due to the difference in path lengths. This can result in a non-constant phase difference between the two waves.

2. What factors can cause a coherent wave to have a non-constant phase difference?

Aside from changes in path lengths due to reflection, refraction, or diffraction, other factors such as interference and superposition can also affect the phase difference between coherent waves. For example, if two coherent waves of slightly different frequencies interfere with each other, they can create a phenomenon known as beats, where the phase difference between the waves is constantly changing.

3. Can the phase difference of a coherent wave be controlled?

In most cases, the phase difference of a coherent wave is not under our control as it is determined by external factors such as the medium through which the waves travel. However, in certain situations, we can manipulate the phase difference by using devices such as phase shifters or by adjusting the distance between the waves.

4. How does a non-constant phase difference affect the behavior of coherent waves?

A non-constant phase difference between coherent waves can result in constructive or destructive interference. In constructive interference, the waves have a phase difference that results in their amplitudes adding up, creating a wave with a larger amplitude. In destructive interference, the waves have a phase difference that results in their amplitudes canceling out, creating a wave with a smaller amplitude.

5. Are there any real-world applications of non-constant phase difference in coherent waves?

Yes, there are many real-world applications of non-constant phase difference in coherent waves. For example, in telecommunications, phase modulation is used to encode information in the phase difference between waves. In interferometry, changes in phase difference can be used to measure small movements or changes in a system. Additionally, in holography, the phase difference between waves is used to create 3D images.

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