How Can We Tap Into The Vacuum?

[Russell E. Rierson]

How Can We "Tap" Into The Vacuum?

Please write your brainstorming ideas for "tapping" into the vacuum.



Here are some thoughts:


Scalar EM potentials are comprised of temporally bidirectional EM wave pairs, where the pairs are equal harmonics and become "transactionally" phase-locked together. In each coupled wave/antiwave pair, a true forward-time EM wave is coupled to a time-reversal of itself, its statistical phase conjugate mirror-replica antiwave. The two longitudinal compression waves are spatio-temporally "in phase" generating covariant space-time resonance and the observed kinetic "quantized" transverse waves.

Since these wave-forms are equalized through resonance, there must be a way to "unbalance" the wave equations, thereby creating a difference from equilibrium, spillover-vacuum-energy, and a way to "tap" the spillover?

 

[JoeWade]

i'm pretty sure any energy expended in "unbalancing" coupled wave harmonics would be more than what you'd get from tapping the spillover.

and are you really tapping "vacuum" with that idea? sounds like these waves have to come from some source...

 

[Russell E. Rierson]

i'm pretty sure any energy expended in "unbalancing" coupled wave harmonics would be more than what you'd get from tapping the spillover.

and are you really tapping "vacuum" with that idea? sounds like these waves have to come from some source...

The total space-time and energy of the universe is represented by an equation. the equation is self contained. A closed loop? Then there can be no "outside" source.

G - T = 0

The Casimir effect is symmetric.

Conservation of energy is symmetric.

Yet Lorentz invariance and conservation of energy, might be violated below the Planck scales. Perfect symmetry does not quite exist.

The intrinsic curvature of space-time itself could be a form of stored energy via the Weyl tensor. The various GR books, seem to explain that the Weyl tensor C_abcd measures tidal distortion.

They start with the 256 = 4^4 component Riemann curvature tensor R_abcd, and then impose the symmetries required by curvature. Then the Riemann curvature tensor R_abcd has 20 independent components.

Decompose the R_abcd into the 10-component symmetric Ricci tensor R_ab and the 10-component conformal traceless Weyl tensor C_abcd. Then the Einstein tensor G_ab is given by

G_ab = R_ab - (1/2)R

where R is the Ricci scalar curvature.

Mach's principle seems to say that the distribution of matter-energy determines the geometry of space-time, and if there is no matter-energy then there is no geometry.

Mach's principle also says that a body in an otherwise empty universe should posess no inertial properties.

Yet, it seems to me that a universe totally devoid of matter would still have energy distortions allowing for uncertainty, giving a tidal distortion[gravity waves? quantum foams?] and hence, a non-zero Weyl tensor.

Stephen Hawking states that the Weyl tensor can and will be small but can never reach zero, because this would be a direct violation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

Two different solutions to Einstein's field equations, represent the two types of curvature, Ricci and Weyl. The Kerr vacuum solution, models space-time outside a spherical rotating body such as a star, and it has a zero Ricci curvature, with a nonzero Weyl curvature at each event in the space-time. The general solution of Einstein`s equations with the energy-momentum tensor of an ideal dust in a Friedman universe, which models the universe on a very large scale, has a zero Weyl curvature but a nonzero Ricci curvature at each event in the space-time.

The Weyl tensor becomes analogous to the electromagnetic field tensor F_ab, which can be seen as an antisymmetric 4x4 matrix with 6 independent components at each event in the space-time. Basically, the Einstein field equation can represented as a set of equations analogous to Maxwell's field equations, being a set of non-linear gravitational field equations.

So, tapping into the vacuum must be the result of a "cheating" of the laws of physics...

 

[russ_watters]

So, tapping into the vacuum must be the result of a "cheating" of the laws of physics...

Yes. In other words, its a perpetual motion fallacy of the 1st type.

 

[Antonio Lao]

Since these wave-forms are equalized through resonance, there must be a way to "unbalance" the wave equations, thereby creating a difference from equilibrium, spillover-vacuum-energy

My hypothesis is that energy can be borrowed from the vacuum in multiple of $\pm E^2$.

Even multiples, we get bosons.

Odd multiples, we get fermions.

Different LOEs (levels of existence), we get different masses. Potential mass for fermions and kinetic mass for bosons.

 

[Russell E. Rierson]

My hypothesis is that energy can be borrowed from the vacuum in multiple of $\pm E^2$.

Even multiples, we get bosons.

Odd multiples, we get fermions.

Different LOEs (levels of existence), we get different masses. Potential mass for fermions and kinetic mass for bosons.

Interesting! The mathematics of quaternions incorporates an internal energy channel via the hyperspace dimensions since they are an extension of complex number theory. Chaos theory must be applied. Random variable statistics doesn't give us the complete picture. Therefore one must model/structure the resonate vacuum’s virtual photon exchange, with the higher dimensional mass of a charged particle, which will give a new and fundamental level of engineering.

The hyperspatial virtual particle flux can be activated with a particular structure-apparatus, a quantum vacuum engine, which will perform a special job - computationally, modelling consciousness itself. It appears that intelligence/consciousness itself IS a breaking[symmetry breaking?] of the laws of physics! in that output is greater than the input!

1+1 = 3?


The quantum computational engine activates the local Riemann curvature of spacetime itself, internally structuring that curvature to our will, manipulating the Ricci and Weyl curvatures. That locally curved spacetime then becomes a continuing, inexhaustible source of a specialized vacuum energy via the vacuum engines. Tailor the local vacuum so as to be able to violate any and all of the present conservation laws?

Time is a process of symmetry breaking.

 

[setAI]

I'm sure there is some way to play around with artificial quantum scale black-holes [if the LHC can actually make them] to at least get close to Planck energy densities- as well as information densities-

I hope those work out- it could really soidify a path toward a technological Singularity-

___________________________

/:set\AI transmedia laboratories

http://setai-transmedia.com

 

[Entropy]

The hyperspatial virtual particle flux can be activated with a particular structure-apparatus, a quantum vacuum engine, which will perform a special job - computationally, modelling consciousness itself.

Errr... How does that explain consciousness? I'm not familiar with a lot of this stuff but I really can't see the connection. Can you explain it for me?

 

[Antonio Lao]

There is a book by Lt. Col. Thomas E. Bearden, Ph.D. (U.S. Army Retired) called "Energy from the Vacuum." This research spanned 30 years which contains original thinking and a fresh new look at existing physical concepts.

 

[Chronos]

Since the vacuum energy is only potential energy, you must apply 'real' energy to tap it and you will never quite get enough back to break even. Entropy wins every time. Think of it as an eternal game of roulette. You can temporarily get 'ahead' but you can't just quit and walk away with your winnings. In the end, 'the house' will have all your money. This is not all bad. If there was a mechanism to add unlimited 'free' energy to the universe, it could cause it to collapse.

 

[kurious]

We can tap into the vacuum if we can tap into the fission process below that creates quark rest masses:

A top quark is roughly 32 times more massive than a bottom quark.
A charm quark is roughly 8 times more massive than a strange quark.
And a down quark is roughly 2 times more massive than an up quark.

In nuclear fission 2 neutrons yield 4 neutrons which become 8 neutrons
then
16 then 32 etc.

So how are quark masses produced?
If an up quark is made from two smaller particles and separating those
particles creates other quarks (quark confinement analogy)successively
heavier quarks will be created if the force holding the two particles
of the up quark together gets stronger with increasing separation.
Suppose that the space between the two particles of the up quark is
occupied by
groups of unstable particles of another kind ( analagous to unstable
atomic nuclei), and one of the particles that constitute the up quark
emits the equivalent of a neutron.An exponential cascade will be set
in motion yielding
more and more force carriers as distance increases.This is why the
force between the two particles of the up quark gets stronger with
increasing distance.
But why are the numbers 4 and 16 missing from the cascade - why are no
quarks produced at the distances corresponding to these
numbers.ANSWER:
quarks are made - and they go by the name of Dark Energy!
There are thus 4 quark families ( a missing lepton too presumably).

 

[Russell E. Rierson]

Errr... How does that explain consciousness? I'm not familiar with a lot of this stuff but I really can't see the connection. Can you explain it for me?

The increase in mass of a body moving at relativistic speeds can also
be described as a rotational perspective effect, and when
time is explained as a dimension, "ct", by combining one of the c's
with time to convert it to a length, E = m_0 c^2 becomes m_0 c , a
momentum, that is to say, a momentum of an object's motion in the time
dimension.

A being's conscious awareness is what is really moving along its
world- line, which is the fourth dimensional extension of its 3
dimensional self.

m_0 c is a momentum along the time dimension.

(mc^2)^2 = (m_0 c^2) + m^2 v^2 c^2

becomes

(mc^2)^2 - m^2 v^2 c^2 = (m_0 c^2)^2

An equation of the form:

c^2 t^2 - dx^2 = K

The negentropic effects of consciousness/self awareness are described via a set of nonlinear partial differential equations.

The basic feature of cognitive functions appears to be the simulation of possible future scenarios via a self modeling process. Memory corresponds to a simulation of past to present to future plans, with predictions to the simulation of ever further future scenarios. The thermodynamic arrow of time shows how time gives a reliable simulation of the past via repeatable experiments/memories, such, that it is so reliable that one speaks of actual memories rather than predictions of the past. The possible nonuniqueness of the classical spacetime and related classical nondeterminism suggests a possible origin for the simulatory aspects of consciousness built into the geometric structure of space-time.

 

[Russell E. Rierson]

[1.]

Since the vacuum energy is only potential energy, you must apply 'real' energy to tap it and you will never quite get enough back to break even. Entropy wins every time. Think of it as an eternal game of roulette. You can temporarily get 'ahead' but you can't just quit and walk away with your winnings. In the end, 'the house' will have all your money.

[2.]

This is not all bad. If there was a mechanism to add unlimited 'free' energy to the universe, it could cause it to collapse.

Yes, [1.] is correct and in accordance with the conventional theories of physical reality.

Thanks for the warning [2.], about collapsing total space-time. I have seriously considered it, and it, is a sobering thought. The compactified dimensions could hold a tremendous amount of energy? Not unlike compressed springs: giving a potential energy, that can be converted to kinetic energy.

The conservation of energy would not be violated, but even a "slightly" un-compactified dimension would never return to its previous state? We have another unknown variable! Perhaps the transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics can shed some light on this problem?

A higher-dimensional universe was compactified into that of the 4-dimensional universe we now observe. The Kaluza compactified extra dimensions appear as the diagonal term of 4-dimensional energy-momentum tensor. Therefore, the average density of the 4-dimensional universe is affected accordingly.


In the 4-dimensional point of view, a graviton propagating in the extra compactified dimensions is equivalent to a tower of an infinite number of Kaluza-Klein mass states via a 4-dimensional Friedmann cosmology that evolves and compactifies from a (4+D)-dimensional Kaluza-Klein universe.

After compactification of the 6 extra dimensions, the 4-dimensional density parameter appearing in the dimensional compactification is negative. Thus there is an inflationary transition, with the matter-dilaton coupling quickly becoming exponentially small. Then the universe undergoes a polar-type superluminal expansion, and the density parameter of the post-inflationary asymptotically flat universe becomes a positive quantity. Omega = 1

 

[Russell E. Rierson]

There is a book by Lt. Col. Thomas E. Bearden, Ph.D. (U.S. Army Retired) called "Energy from the Vacuum." This research spanned 30 years which contains original thinking and a fresh new look at existing physical concepts.

Thanks for the reference.

The large extra dimensions that are felt only by gravity can reveal themselves through the emission of gravitational Kaluza-Klein states. The emission is a way of describing graviton "evaporation". Moreover, because of the relatively large size of the extra dimension, the mass difference between one Kaluza-Klein state and the next is very small. There is therefore a huge number of such Kaluza-Klein excitations below the new fundamental scale of gravity.

A typical process might involve a proton and antiproton colliding to produce a single spray or jet of particles plus a graviton, which is emitted into the compactified dimensional landscape.

Since the energy of the graviton would be lost from the macroscopic 4-D world, the experimental signature for such a process, would be an excess of collisions with one jet and a "missing" energy, above and beyond the expectations of the Standard Model.

Due to the stronger gravitational interactions at short distances, there is a slight possibility that microscopic black holes can be produced. Such small black holes would probably quickly evaporate and not be dangerous. They would resemble exotic particles that decayed very quickly. Hence gravity is also virtual.

What if it is possible to "feed" such a microscopic black hole with photons? - electrons?, thus extending its lifetime?

Now imagine using two of these micro black holes to form a symmetric hyperdimensional "warp-shell" over a space-craft, thus enabling its Alcubierre warp drive.

 

[Russell E. Rierson]

We can tap into the vacuum if we can tap into the fission process below that creates quark rest masses:

The symmetric forms of free energy of a pre-bang universe has the inevitable breaking of their symmetry, during the first "Creation Event" - the "Big Bang".

The universe begins as light - free electromagnetic energy - which is a perfectly symmetric energy form. Light's intrinsic geometric form, its velocity "c", is a symmetry condition formally characterized by Einstein as its invariant interval, which is a geometric invariance principle intrinsic to spacetime curvature. Light is perceived as a 2-dimensional transverse wave.

Classical electrodynamics says that all electrically charged particles, like quarks and orbital electrons, should radiate away energy from their precessional and orbital motions. If this happens, then all electrically charged particles must be radiating away energy at all times.

Then again, all particles can also absorb just as much energy from all other radiating particles.

The absorbed energy applies electromagnetic forces that naturally move all similar type particles into harmonious - resonate - precessional motions with all other particles, which results in a vast sea of electromagnetic standing waves among all matter - energy in the universe. Even free particles would move into precessional motions, synchronizing with the ubiquitous sea of spatio-temporal standing waves.


The present moment is created and recreated constantly - analogous to
continually opposing/juxtaposing reflective mirror images…
originating deep in quantum phase space. The Heisenberg uncertainty
relation provides both a resolution boundary and the invariant
relational fabric for a translation between quantum[Planck scale]
space and experiential reality. It is the quantum T-dual
compactification that provides the Heisenberg resolution boudaries
for experiential[perceptual] reality. Unstable or chaotic states at a
given level are always "compactified" (stabilized and bounded by
eigenstates) into 6 higher dimensions condensing to the next level of
"event density".

Since relativity explains that there is no preferred frame of
reference, the ether becomes superfluous; consequently, the metric of
space-time must be defined by related events, such, that there is no
space-time if there are no events. Time is thus a sequence of events,
with each "event", having its own measure of location, and its own
measure of time, with reference to other events. Space becomes an
event density-probability distribution.

 

[Russell E. Rierson]

Yes. In other words, its a perpetual motion fallacy of the 1st type.

Circumventing the laws of physics will not be an easy task

 

[sol2]

Wonderful to inspire such thinking

Now all we have to do is open our sails to travel in space? I know it can take a long time, but its a start :surprise: As long as there are events unfolding in space I am sure we will see where such currents can greatly help to other locations

 

[Entropy]

Entropy wins every time.

Damn straight!

The increase in mass of a body moving at relativistic speeds can also
be described as a rotational perspective effect, and when
time is explained as a dimension, "ct", by combining one of the c's
with time to convert it to a length, E = m_0 c^2 becomes m_0 c , a
momentum, that is to say, a momentum of an object's motion in the time
dimension.

Okay, I understand where you're coming from.

A being's conscious awareness is what is really moving along its
world- line, which is the fourth dimensional extension of its 3
dimensional self.

m_0 c is a momentum along the time dimension.

(mc^2)^2 = (m_0 c^2) + m^2 v^2 c^2

becomes

(mc^2)^2 - m^2 v^2 c^2 = (m_0 c^2)^2

An equation of the form:

c^2 t^2 - dx^2 = K

The negentropic effects of consciousness/self awareness are described via a set of nonlinear partial differential equations.

The basic feature of cognitive functions appears to be the simulation of possible future scenarios via a self modeling process. Memory corresponds to a simulation of past to present to future plans, with predictions to the simulation of ever further future scenarios. The thermodynamic arrow of time shows how time gives a reliable simulation of the past via repeatable experiments/memories, such, that it is so reliable that one speaks of actual memories rather than predictions of the past. The possible nonuniqueness of the classical spacetime and related classical nondeterminism suggests a possible origin for the simulatory aspects of consciousness built into the geometric structure of space-time.

I don't know if that's really what I would call "consiousness" as much as I would call it "memory".

Okay, so basicly you're explaining how information travels through time or am I completely off?

 

[Russell E. Rierson]

I don't know if that's really what I would call "consiousness" as much as I would call it "memory".

Okay, so basicly you're explaining how information travels through time or am I completely off?

http://www.discover.com/issues/jun-02/features/featuniverse

John Archibald Wheeler has some very interesting ideas with feedback:

In his delayed-choice thought experiment, Wheeler suggests that a
single photon emitted from a distant quasar (far right) can
simultaneously follow two paths to Earth, even if those paths are
separated by many light-years. Here one photon travels past two
different galaxies, with both routes deflected by the gravitational
pull of the galaxies. Stranger still, Wheeler theorizes, the
observations astronomers make on Earth today decide the path the
photon took billions of years ago.

If the locality principle is not going to be thrown into the trash
heap, then a viable option is that space is something analogous to
homogeneously distributed probability density functions(a perfect
fluid?) i.e. increasing density gradients, giving the observed
thermodynamic arrow of time.

The description of any entity inside the real universe can only be
with reference to other things in the universe. Space is then
relational, and the universe, self referential. For example, if an
object/event has a momentum, that momentum can only be explained with
respect to another object/event within the universe. Space then
becomes an aspect of the relationships between things in reality.

If the universe is a causally closed system, the "information" or
entangled quantum states cannot leak out of the closed system. So the
"event" density of entangled quantum states, continually increases, as
the entropy must always increase. While to us, it is interpreted as
entropy or lost information, it is actually recombined information,
to the universe.

Mathematician Claude Shannon, introduced the most used measure of information content today, entropy, in 1948. The Shannon entropy of a message is the number of binary digits, i.e. "bits" needed to encode it. While the structure, quality, or value, of the information in Shannon entropy may be an unknown, the quantity of information can be known. Shannon entropy and thermodynamic entropy are equivalent concepts.

The entropy of thermodynamics and entropy of Shannon, are equivalent concepts, because the number of arrangements that are counted by Boltzmann entropy reflects the amount of Shannon information needed
to implement any particular combination, or arrangement. The two
entropies also appear to have superficial differences. Thermodynamic entropy is interpreted in units of energy divided by temperature, while, the Shannon entropy is interpreted in terms of dimensionless bits.


Since relativity explains that there is no preferred frame of
reference, the ether becomes superfluous; consequently, the metric of
space-time must be defined by related events, such, that there is no
space-time if there are no events. Time is thus a sequence of events,
with each "event", having its own measure of location, and its own
measure of time, with reference to other events. Space becomes an
event density-probability distribution.

Waves are ripples in a basic medium. Einstein explains that the ether
is unecessary as a medium, so the ripples are vibrations of spacetime
itself, which is the overlap/intersections of spatio-temporal Schrodinger-wave
function "event boundaries". Covariant compression waves.

As the ripples intersect with each other, it becomes a domino effect
with the ripples continually increasing in density. Very similar to
taking a penny and doubling it as an iterative sequence.

2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, ... 2^n

Since the ripples are increasing in density they are "compressed" . As
spacetime becomes compressed, matter is re-configured as a balancing
effect, so the force of gravity and accelerations are perceived as
they presently are.


The increasing spacetime density must be background independent.


[density 1]--->[density 2]--->[density 3]---> ... --->[density n]

It seems that coordinate independence must hold, and artificial
coordinate "patches" are not really necessary. So a coordinate point
must really be an ...event.

There would only be events, related to other events. But all observers
would observe everything else to be in a past moment due to the finite
propagation speed, of light.


The laws of physics must be geometric invariance principles. The
triangle inequality and the uncertainty principle correspond in a
fundamental way.


According to conventional theories, the surface area of the horizon
surrounding a black hole, measures its entropy, where entropy is
defined as a measure of the number of internal states that the black
hole can be in without looking different to an outside observer, who
can only measure mass, rotation and charge. This leads to another
theory which states that the maximum entropy of any closed region of
space can never exceed one quarter of the area of the circumscribing
surface, with the entropy being the measure of the total information
contained by the system. So the theorists came to realize that the
information associated with all phenomena in the three dimensional
world, can be stored on its two dimensional boundary, like a
holographic image.

Since entropy can also be defined as the number of states within a
region of space, and the entropy of the universe must always increase,
the next logical step is to realize that the spacetime density, i.e.
the information encoded within a circumscribed region of space, must
be increasing in the thermodynamic direction of time.

 

[Chronos]

I must admit I have a weakness for equating Shannon information with entropy. It helps quantify entropy. However, I think to make them consistent, the total Shannon information in the universe must be zero.

 

[Russell E. Rierson]

I must admit I have a weakness for equating Shannon information with entropy. It helps quantify entropy. However, I think to make them consistent, the total Shannon information in the universe must be zero.

This is a problem that needs a solution


[1.] Nothingness is a difficult concept, or rather a difficult "non-concept" since it is nothing.

[2.] To say that nothingness exists is to create a contradiction, since nothingness is non-existence. Nothingness "non-exists".

[3.] Nothingness is non-existence; therefore nothingness is non-relational. Nothingness has no distinctiveness in and of itself, hence nothingness cannot be recognizable.

[4.] Being-ness means basically "to be", and to exist. Being-ness exists.

[5.] Take any two distinct quantities-attributes of existence:

A<------P------>B

A and B perceive each other to be different with perception P. That is to say A ,is perceived to be different from B and B is perceived to be different from A.

A and B are different elements of a larger picture, but they also[must] share certain common attributes of the larger reality including them. From that perspective A and B are the same, because aspects of A transform into B and aspects of B transform into A. At a higher level of generality and symmetry, A cannot be distinguished from B, and B cannot be distinguished from A. For example, dogs and cats are distinctively different, yet dogs and cats are the same from the perspective that both are "mammals".

[6.] Following this premise, it stands to reason that all attributes & aspects of reality can be transformed into each other, and hence they have no distinctions from each other[at continually higher and higher levels of symmetry].

[7.] Therefore, it follows, that at a top[infinite?] level of symmetry, everything is nothing. Reducto?



Perhaps the problem can be solved with the difference between local and global, perspectives?

Globally the total information of the universe is zero?

Locally the information-Shannon entropy is perceived to be increasing?

 

[Chronos]

Only the sum is zero. Local effects are always non-zero.

 

[Russell E. Rierson]

Still researching the tapping of the vacuum


The energy in a section of vacuum can be altered by the material around it, giving the "Casimir Effect". The effect has been experimentally verified by positioning two uncharged parallel metal plates, creating a symmetric - attractive force, pressing them together; the force only becomes measurable when the distance between the two plates is extremely small. If the two opposing metal plates move rapidly, some of the vacuum waves can become real waves.

Some people propose that a form of "dynamical Casimir effect" may be responsible for the mysterious phenomenon known as sonoluminescence, which is the emission of short bursts of light from imploding bubbles in a liquid when excited by sound waves.

Alas, the enigmatic vacuum energy appears to be completely symmetric though.

Casimir Force:

F_c / A = hbar*c*pi^2 / 240d^2


F_c is the force on the plates

A is the area of the plates

hbar is [Planck's constant] / 2pi

c is the speed of light,

pi is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter

d is the distance between the two plates.


In bosonic string theory, using the operator formalism, an infinite looking zero point energy is an infinite sum:

1+2+3+4+5...


representing the frequencies of standing waves between the plates; each possible standing wave acts like a quantum harmonic oscillator whose ground state energy is equal to hbar*omega/2 contributing to the total potential energy. Subtract off the zero point energy... There arise complications, however. Thus, infinity must be replaced with -1/12 to keep things consistent.

There is a mathematical mechanism that allows one to see 1+2+3+4+... as equalling -1/12.

Let the series be seen as:

1+2^-n +3^-n +...

The Riemann Zeta function!

Reimann Zeta converges for large n but can be analytically continued to n = -1, even though the series doesn't converge there. Zeta(-1) is -1/12. So in a bizarre string theoretic sense 1+2+3+4+5... becomes -1/12.

The -1/12 can be obtained via a different route altogether - using the Feynman path integral, rather than the operator formalism. The -1/12 is tied up in a profound way with the geometry of string theory, so it appears to be a lot more to it than just simple mathematical trickery.

 

[Xybot]

Theoretically a photon moving through the space between casimir plates will exceed the speed of light (c) as it traverses the area of negetive energy, I would be interested to read any discussion on what may happen if the photon is in a quantum entangled state. Would its partner photon outside of the casimir device then also travel faster than c.

Also I would be interested in trying to understand what may happen to the initial photon if it was traveling through Casimir plates of a large enough length. Would the photon continue to accelerate past c? or would there be some theoretical limit to the speed it could obtain.

Please excuse any protocol mistakes I may have made, this is a first post.