How come light only reflects off surfaces and not internal planes?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the behavior of light as it interacts with materials, specifically why reflection predominantly occurs at the surfaces rather than at internal planes within a material. It explores concepts related to reflection, absorption, and diffraction in various contexts, including crystalline solids and other media.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why reflection primarily occurs at the surfaces of a crystalline solid, suggesting that light penetrates multiple atomic planes without reflection until it reaches the far boundary.
  • Another participant argues that light does reflect from internal planes, but the intensity decreases with depth due to absorption, particularly noting the concept of skin depth in metals.
  • A participant references Bragg diffraction, indicating that x-ray spectrometers utilize reflection from crystal planes, suggesting that internal reflections can be significant under certain conditions.
  • It is noted that reflection is more pronounced at boundaries between different media where there is a change in refractive index.
  • One participant draws an analogy with sound, questioning why sound reflects off walls rather than layers of atmosphere, and discusses the greater effect of reflection at impedance boundaries compared to scattering in the bulk of a material.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the occurrence of reflection at internal planes, with some asserting that it does happen but is less significant, while others emphasize the predominance of surface reflection. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the extent and significance of internal reflections.

Contextual Notes

The discussion involves assumptions about absorption, the nature of reflection at boundaries, and the conditions under which internal reflections may be relevant. There are also implications regarding the definitions of reflection and scattering that are not fully explored.

jeebs
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When light approaches and enters a material, why does all the reflection happen at the surfaces? I mean, light is coming at say, some crystalline solid. It hits the first plane of atoms and some is reflected. Some goes into the crystal and passes through the 2nd, 3rd, 4th,..., (n-1)th plane of atoms completely unreflected. Then it hits the far boundary (the nth) plane of atoms and some gets reflected. What is so special about the front and back planes of atoms?
 
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Light gets reflected from all the planes. Only the deeper it is, the less light there is left because of absorption, or skin depth. For a metal, this layer is very thin, so only the planes near the surface are relevant.
 
Many x-ray spectrometers use Bragg diffraction (or reflection), nλ = 2d sin(θ), off the crystal planes; quartz 310, silicon 111, among others.

Bob S
 
ahh Bragg diffraction of course, I remember that...
 
There tends to be greater light reflection at boundaries between different media where there is a change of refractive index.
 
Analogously - why does sound only reflect off the walls, not each "layer" of atmosphere it's traveling through?

Part 1 - It does.

Part 2 - The effect of reflection from an impedance boundary is vastly greater than the effect of scatter in the bulk of the material. The difference is sufficient to ignore for almost all applications.
 

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