Chemistry How Do Stereochemistry and Isomerism Interrelate in These Compounds?

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Stereochemistry and isomerism are interconnected through the presence of chiral centers and geometric arrangements in compounds. The first option demonstrates a chiral carbon without symmetry, indicating both chiral and geometric isomerism. The third option presents geometric isomerism but lacks a chiral carbon, raising questions about its optical isomerism. The chirality in this case arises from the perpendicular planes of the rings and bulky substituents that hinder rotation. Lastly, the fourth option illustrates geometric isomerism through the cis or trans arrangement of two methyl groups.
Gourab_chill
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Homework Statement
See the question below.
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The answer to this question are the ones I've marked as shown above.
But I'm confused as to how?
The first option is okay since it has a chiral carbon with no plane or line of symmetry and shows geometric isomerism too.
In the third option, the compound shows Geometrical isomerism but i fail to find a chiral carbon- then how can it show optical isomerism?
And as for the last option, i can't make head or tail of how it shows geometrical isomerism.
 
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No.3: the chirality is about the ring-ring bond. The planes of the two rings are perpendicular, and the bulky ortho substituents prevent rotation about this bond. Because of the unsymmetrical substitution pattern, the two mirror-image arrangements can't be superimposed.
no.4: the two methyl groups may be cis or trans relative to each other.
 
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