How do we determine the age and elemental composition of a star?

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The age of a star is determined through methods such as stellar evolution models and the analysis of its luminosity and temperature. The elemental composition is assessed using spectroscopy, which reveals the star's chemical makeup by analyzing light absorption and emission. Speculation exists regarding how some stars can remain in a stable state for extended periods without producing heavier elements, often linked to their mass and nuclear fusion processes. Understanding these factors is crucial for astrophysics and the study of stellar life cycles. This knowledge enhances our comprehension of the universe's evolution and the formation of elements.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6u1I5Gwti9s&feature=feedu

How exactly do we calculate the age of a star?
Is there any speculation as to how this star as existed in this state for so long without producing more heavy elements for so long?
 
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See http://www.universetoday.com/25038/age-of-stars/"
 
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Ahh. Thank you. That clears things up for me on this.
 

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