How Do You Solve This Complex Quantum Mechanics Integral?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on solving a complex integral in quantum mechanics involving the expression \(\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}exp\left(k^2\left((\Delta x)^2-\frac{i \hbar t}{2m}\right ) + k(ix-2(\Delta x)^2 \bar{k}_x)\right)dk\). Participants identified an error in the sign of the \(k^2(\Delta x)^2\) term in the exponent, which is crucial for applying the formula \(\int exp(-ax^2+bx+c)dx=\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{a}} exp\left(\frac{b^2}{4a}+c\right)\). The validity of this formula requires the real part of \(a\) to be positive, which is essential for convergence in the integral. Clarifications were made regarding the correct application of the integral formula, emphasizing the importance of proper sign conventions in quantum mechanics integrals.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of complex analysis, particularly with integrals involving imaginary units.
  • Familiarity with quantum mechanics concepts, including the significance of \(\hbar\) and mass \(m\).
  • Knowledge of Gaussian integrals and their properties.
  • Ability to manipulate exponential functions and complete the square in mathematical expressions.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of Gaussian integrals in complex analysis.
  • Learn about the convergence criteria for integrals involving complex variables.
  • Explore the implications of the imaginary unit in quantum mechanics integrals.
  • Review the derivation and applications of the integral formula \(\int exp(-ax^2+bx+c)dx\) in various contexts.
USEFUL FOR

Students and researchers in physics, particularly those focusing on quantum mechanics and mathematical methods in physics, will benefit from this discussion. Additionally, mathematicians interested in complex integrals will find the insights valuable.

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Homework Statement



This is part of a much larger problem, however currently I am stuck at the following integral:

[tex] <br /> \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}exp\left(k^2\left((\Delta x)^2-\frac{i \hbar t}{2m}\right ) + k(ix-2(\Delta x)^2 \bar{k}_x)\right)dk[/tex]

Where obviously everything should be taken as a constant except the plane old k's.

Homework Equations



see (1) and (3)

The Attempt at a Solution



i tried to complete the square, followed by u/du substitution which yielded one of the messiest equations I've ever seen. There is an integral I found in a table that looks promising:

[tex]\int exp(-ax^2+bx+c)dx=\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{a}} exp\left(\frac{b^2}{4a}+c\right)[/tex]

However this does not include the imaginary unit therefore I do not believe it is much use to me.

Cookies for anyone who can get me started in the right direction.

Thanks yall!

IHateMayonnaise
 
Last edited:
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Your formula with a, b, & c is valid for complex a, b, & c as long as the real part of a is positive.

I think the [itex]k^2(\Delta x)^2[/itex] term in the exponent has the wrong sign.
 
Avodyne said:
Your formula with a, b, & c is valid for complex a, b, & c as long as the real part of a is positive.

I think the [itex]k^2(\Delta x)^2[/itex] term in the exponent has the wrong sign.

Why is the formula valid only if the real part of a is positive? (Also, this is assuming that it is a definite integral from [itex]-\infty[/itex] to [itex]\infty[/itex]?)

Good call on the [itex]k^2(\Delta x)^2[/itex] having the wrong sign! Thanks so much :)

Edit: Also I made a mistake in that integral from the table; I originally put:

[tex]\int exp(-ax^2+bx+c)dx=\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{a}} exp\left(\frac{b^2}{4ac}+c\right)[/tex]

but I meant:

[tex]\int exp(-ax^2+bx+c)dx=\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{a}} exp\left(\frac{b^2}{4a}+c\right)[/tex]
 
Last edited:

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