How does laser dissipation in air affect power and intensity?

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    Air Dissipation Laser
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Discussion Overview

The discussion focuses on the effects of laser dissipation in air, specifically how power and intensity are altered over distance. Participants explore various factors influencing these changes, including beam divergence, atmospheric absorption, and specific characteristics of different types of lasers.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about the necessary equations for calculating the power and intensity reduction of a laser over a distance.
  • Another participant suggests that beam divergence is a primary factor, noting that unless a laser is perfectly focused, it will exhibit a divergence measured in milli-radians.
  • A third participant introduces the concept of the extinction coefficient 'k' for air, which varies based on several factors, and states that intensity can be modeled using Beer's law.
  • It is mentioned that the type of laser significantly impacts the discussion, with larger lasers potentially experiencing "thermal blooming," which affects the index of refraction and leads to further dispersion of the beam.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants present multiple competing views on the factors affecting laser dissipation, and the discussion remains unresolved regarding the most significant influences and the specific equations to use.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the variability of the extinction coefficient based on environmental conditions and the lack of consensus on the most relevant factors for different laser types.

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What equations would I need for calculating this, say if I wanted to know what the power/intensity of an x watt, x wavelength laser would be reduced to after x metres?
 
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Simplest is just the beam divergence. Unless the laser is perfectly focussed it will have a beam divergence in mRad. A milli-radian is 1 part in 57,000
Over very long distances you might want to consider atmospheric absorption.
 
If you know the extinction coefficient 'k' for air (which varies with wavelength, humidity, density, CO2 concentration, etc) the intensity follows Beer's law:

I = I_0 exp(-kz)
 
It also matters whether you're talking about a laser pointer or an SDI-sized laser. For the latter, there's also something called "thermal blooming" - the laser heats the air, the air develops a changing index of refraction depending on the distance to the beam, and you've just stuck a lens in front of your laser, dispersing it.
 

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