How does the presence of a metal tube affect the magnetic field in a solenoid?

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The presence of a metal tube in a solenoid enhances the magnetic field due to the properties of ferromagnetic materials, which increase permeability. When the metal tube is removed, the magnetic field decreases because the wire alone lacks the magnetic properties needed to strengthen the field. In applications where the solenoid moves an internal armature, a non-magnetic tube is preferred to maintain coil shape without affecting the magnetic field. Conversely, for solenoids acting on external armatures, an iron core significantly boosts the magnetic field. Understanding the role of core materials is crucial for optimizing solenoid performance.
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I know an electromagnet can be created by wrapping a wire around a metal tube and putting some current across the wire. This creates a magnetic field. my question is why does the magnetic field decrease when the metal tube is removed leaving just the wire?
 
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It depends upon what sort of solenoid you refer to.
If the solenoid moves an armature inside the tube then you do not want a core of magnetic material as it will not help to increase the magnetic field affecting the magnetic armature. A non-magnetic tube (former) is just needed to maintain the shape of the coil.

If your solenoid acts on an external armature then an Iron (ferromagnetic) core will increase the field considerably due to the increased Permeability. Non-magnetic metal like aluminium will make no difference.
 

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