How Efficient is an old-style coal-fired steam boiler?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the efficiency of old-style coal-fired steam boilers used during the early industrial revolution, particularly in steam locomotives. Conventional coal-fired utilities operate at approximately 10,000 BTU per kilowatt-hour output, achieving around 32% efficiency, while some modern systems may drop to 8,000 BTU per kilowatt-hour. The primary limitation to efficiency is thermodynamic, governed by the Carnot (Rankine) cycle. The user seeks specific data on energy transfer from coal to steam and coal consumption rates for sustained operation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamics, specifically the Carnot and Rankine cycles.
  • Familiarity with coal types, particularly lignite and sub-bituminous coal.
  • Knowledge of energy conversion metrics, such as BTU and kilowatt-hour.
  • Basic principles of steam boiler operation and efficiency calculations.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the thermodynamic principles of the Carnot and Rankine cycles.
  • Investigate historical coal-fired steam boiler designs and their efficiency ratings.
  • Examine the energy content of different coal types, focusing on lignite and sub-bituminous coal.
  • Explore modern advancements in steam boiler technology and efficiency improvements.
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for historians, engineers, and writers interested in the technical aspects of early industrial steam technology, as well as those researching energy efficiency in historical contexts.

Xodion
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I've been looking around for any hint of this kind of thing, for a story I'm planning to write, and while I can ignore discrepencies between, say, actual history and events in my story, my inner scientist won't let me ignore this!

The situation is as follows; imagine an early industrial revolution era steam boiler, like the ones used in early steam locomotives, burning coal found on and near the surface of the ground (lignite, sub-bituminious, not quite sure on that either). I can find the energy values of coal, and efficiencies of modern steam boilers, but nothing about old ones, so I would like to know is:

1. How much of the energy from the coal would actually reach the steam as useful kinetic energy?

2. How quickly do the boilers go through coal, and how much would they need to keep it burning for an hour without getting too hot or too cold?

These are complex questions, I know, which is why I need help with them!
 
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Hi Xodian-
Conventional coal fired utilities are about 10,000 BTU per kilowatt-hour output (about 32% efficiency). Some modern ones may be as low as 8,000 Btu per kilowatt-hour output. The major limit to maximum efficiency is thermodynamic; Carnot (Rankine) cycle. See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine_cycle
Bob S
 

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