How electricity distributers achieve equal phase loads?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on how electricity distributors achieve equal phase loads in electrical systems. It explores the mechanisms, responsibilities, and challenges associated with balancing loads across phases, considering both technical and practical aspects.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that balancing loads is influenced by the randomness of usage patterns, which may help maintain overall grid balance.
  • Others propose that the design of buildings and the nature of large electricity consumers play a role in keeping phases balanced.
  • There is a viewpoint that the momentum of rotating motors and transformer connections may contribute to rebalancing the network.
  • Some participants argue that while perfect balance is unattainable, the system tends to average out loads, and utilities can make adjustments as needed.
  • One participant emphasizes the shared responsibility between electricity suppliers and customers, noting that utilities can manage single-phase customer distribution but have limited control over three-phase customer loads.
  • There is a suggestion that implementing penalties for unbalanced loads could incentivize customers to manage their loads more effectively.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a mix of agreement and disagreement regarding the effectiveness and mechanisms of load balancing. While some acknowledge that balancing is a shared responsibility, others highlight the limitations and uncertainties in achieving perfect balance.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the discussion may depend on specific definitions of load balancing and the types of customers involved. There are also unresolved questions about the extent to which utilities can actively manage load distribution.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to electrical engineers, utility managers, and individuals involved in building design or energy management.

user079622
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How electric distributers achieve equal phases load, is this done by itself?
Unequal situation hapend only in failure ?

That depend on load, not source, but they cant control load.. so how?
 
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Engineers designing buildings must keep the phases as balanced as possible for practical (and maybe code) reasons. But randomness would tend to keep the overall grid pretty well balanced.

I'm not sure what, if anything, electricity producers do to actively try to balance the load. There may be some self-balancing mechanism though (higher current causes voltage to drop, lowering current?). An electrical engineer might know.
 
The problem really does not seem to be critical.

I would expect the momentum of rotating motors, and transformers with Y and Δ connections, would tend to rebalance the network.
 
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Likes   Reactions: DaveE
Most electric distributors or sellers have a very good idea of what kinds of loads the territory that they serve will have. Very large users of electricity will be served by three phase and it is in their interest to see to their own loads are balanced. I won't say it takes care of itself, but to a certain extent it does.
 
It will never balance perfectly, but it doesn't need to. As others said, things tend to average out. If they don't, in a significant way, the utility can shift things around to compensate. Users with big loads tend to want to draw balanced currents anyway, and many users with smaller loads will average out.
 
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Likes   Reactions: Averagesupernova
The duty of current balancing is solidarity of both of electricity suppliers and customers. The utilities must do it for voltage balancing by equally distribution of single-phase customers between three phases, while they can do nothing for voltage balancing by equally distribution of single-phase loads of three-phase customers. Only three-phase customers can have responsibility for doing it for their single-phase loads.

The power quality penalty and unbalanced current-based tariff can be innovated for encouraging them to do it like as utilities.
 

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