How many barns above could make nuclear reaction rate 100%?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the relationship between nuclear reaction rates and cross sections, specifically exploring the threshold of cross sections necessary to achieve a near 100% reaction rate. Participants examine the implications of different cross section values and the factors influencing reaction probabilities.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes the significance of cross sections in determining the likelihood of nuclear reactions and speculates that a cross section of 100Kb or higher might be necessary for a near 100% reaction rate.
  • Another participant argues that there is no direct relationship between cross section and reaction rate, questioning the meaning of "100%" in this context and suggesting that cross section ratios may be more relevant.
  • A participant provides examples of very small cross sections, such as those associated with Higgs production and dark matter, indicating that even small values can be common in certain reactions.
  • One participant mentions a specific reaction (7Li(p,n)7Be) with a cross section of 590 mb, suggesting that a cross section of 100,000 b would lead to all bombarding protons being consumed in the reaction.
  • Another participant asserts that while a reaction rate can approach 1, it can never reach 100% due to competing processes with their own cross sections.
  • A participant inquires about the possibility of manually increasing specific cross sections, expressing disappointment with the small values typically found in data tables.
  • One participant cites positron annihilation as an example of a reaction with a fraction very close to 1, while questioning the commonality of positron capture reactions.
  • Another participant responds that cross sections cannot be changed and discusses the energy dependence of positron capture probabilities.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the relationship between cross sections and reaction rates, with some asserting that 100% reaction rates are unattainable while others speculate on the necessary conditions. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the exact implications of cross section values and the feasibility of achieving high reaction rates.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the complexity of nuclear reactions, noting that competing processes and energy levels significantly influence cross sections and reaction probabilities. The discussion reflects a range of assumptions and interpretations regarding the definitions and implications of cross sections.

kiwaho
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All guys know the importance of cross section. In a sense, it stands for the possibility of a reaction.
I am wondering how many barns above could make nuclear reaction rate almost 100%?
Generally speaking, the cross section can span a couple of decades order of magnitude, e.g. 10^-10 to 10^6 barns.
I speculate the answer maybe 100Kb+.
 
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There is no direct relation between a cross section and a reaction rate. Also, what does "100%" mean: 100% of what?
You might be interested in cross section ratios.

Cross sections like 10-15 barns are not unusual for things like Higgs in specific decay channels or double Higgs production, and dark matter cross sections are even smaller.
 
mfb said:
There is no direct relation between a cross section and a reaction rate. Also, what does "100%" mean: 100% of what?
You might be interested in cross section ratios.

Cross sections like 10-15 barns are not unusual for things like Higgs in specific decay channels or double Higgs production, and dark matter cross sections are even smaller.
For example, 7Li(p,n)7Be, at 1910Kev of proton beam, the cross section 590mb, statistics shows every 100,000 protons, only 1 proton is used in the said reaction. So I guess if a reaction with 100,000b above cross section, then all bombarding protons will be consumed in reaction.
 
Never all, but the fraction can get close to 1. You always have some other processes with their own cross sections competing.
 
mfb said:
Never all, but the fraction can get close to 1. You always have some other processes with their own cross sections competing.
Is there a way to manually increase specific cross section? Looking up recognized data table, always feel disappointed with those so tiny sigma.
 
An example of a reaction with fraction very close to 1 is positron annihilation. Positron is stable, so it has few options other than annihilation.
How common reaction is positron capture?
 
You cannot change cross sections.
snorkack said:
How common reaction is positron capture?
Positrons have a positive charge, so at low energies the probability is "zero". At high energies, inelastic reactions have a higher probability.
 

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