assume you have disc bakes on all corners..there is a brake pedal with actuator arm to master cylinder. usually master cylinder has two reservoirs..in old days only one was used..the front cylinder is larger than the rear as the engine weight is on front end. more weight means more braking requirement. stainless steel brake lines 3/16 to 1/8 inch diameter take brake fluid to each wheel caliper ( piston and mounting arrangement.) the brake disc is fitted to the axle and when force is applied to the master cylinder..pressure acts on pistons pushing brake pads to contact the rotating wheels discs..
typical mechanical advantage of the brake pedal to master cylinder is 3:1 and 6:1 ( non power brake set up) power brake mech. advantage is 8:1
our formula car has master cylinder bore of .750" with piston area of .442 sq. inch, makes line pressure with 150 pounds force on piston 339 psi
pedal travel to move pads 0.010 inch .96 inch ( 4 Pot caliper with 1.50" pistons) generating applied force to individual discs = 2396 pounds
if you are able to completely depress the brake pedal you have problems..you should be able to depress the pedal about 1/2 inch until you get a firm brake pedal..if not, you pads are too worn or you have air in the brake lines and must ' bleed" the brakes..i.e. pump up pedal and hold it until you buddy cracks the bleeder and permits trapped air to escape..
lot of other stuff I can tell you but let me know is this is sufficient