In the discussion about the time commitment to learning mathematics in a particle physics program, participants emphasize that a significant portion of college, particularly at the graduate level, will involve mastering mathematical concepts, theorems, and equations. Essential math courses typically include Calculus I & II, differential equations, linear algebra, and vector analysis, with additional advanced topics like algebraic topology and complex analysis being beneficial. The time investment can range from 76 to over 200 hours depending on the courses taken, with the understanding that this workload can be spread over several years. The conversation also highlights the importance of calculus proficiency, as it forms the foundation for further mathematical applications in physics. Participants note that while some math is introduced within physics classes, a strong math background is crucial for success in particle physics, which is known for its abstract and mathematically intensive nature.