How to Approach Integrals with Absolute Values in Limits?

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Homework Help Overview

The problem involves evaluating a limit of an integral that includes an absolute value function, specifically focusing on the expression \(\lim_{n\to\infty} \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} x|\cos nx|\ \mathrm{d}x\). The subject area pertains to calculus, particularly integrals and limits involving oscillatory functions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Assumption checking, Problem interpretation

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants discuss how to handle the absolute value by considering cases for positive and negative values of the cosine function. There are questions about determining where the cosine function becomes negative and how to approach the integral with respect to these sign changes.

Discussion Status

The discussion is ongoing, with participants offering various approaches to tackle the problem. Some suggest breaking the integral into cases based on the sign of the cosine function, while others propose a change of variables to simplify the analysis. There is no explicit consensus yet, but several lines of reasoning are being explored.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the integral is not zero and discuss the implications of the oscillatory nature of the cosine function as \(n\) approaches infinity, which introduces complexity in determining the behavior of the integral.

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Homework Statement



Evaluate:

[tex] <br /> \lim_{n\to\infty} \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} x|\cos nx|\ \mathrm{d}x<br /> [/tex]

Homework Equations


hint: the integral is not zero.

The Attempt at a Solution


I don't know how to start: how do I deal with the absolute sign?
 
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make two cases. One for the positive and the other for the negative
 


How do I know where it becomes negative?
 


1) all positive terms

2) bring out the negative outside of the integral.
 


dirk_mec1 said:
How do I know where it becomes negative?

It changes sign everywhere cos(nx) vanishes, when nx is an odd multiple of pi/2. You might find it easier to count if you do the change of variables u=nx first. Then follow tnutty's advice and add up the positive parts and negative parts separately. Try and guess the answer first. For large n you get many cosine cycles. So it ought to be the integral from 0 to pi/2 of x*(the average value of |cos|).
 

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