How to find the angle that will pull the most weight

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on determining the optimal angle for pulling a box of sand across a floor using a cable with a maximum tension of 1100N and a static friction coefficient of 0.35. The user attempts to analyze the forces acting on the box by setting up equations for the x and y components of the forces. The key equations derived include FcCosθ = μsFN and FcSinθ + FN = Fg. The solution involves substituting FN from one equation into the other to express the weight of the box as a function of the angle, ultimately leading to the condition for maximizing the function Cosθ + Sinθμ.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's laws of motion (F = ma)
  • Knowledge of static friction and its coefficient (μs = 0.35)
  • Ability to resolve forces into components (x and y directions)
  • Familiarity with algebraic manipulation of equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Learn how to derive equations of motion for systems involving friction
  • Study optimization techniques in calculus to maximize functions
  • Explore the concept of tension in cables and its applications in physics
  • Investigate the relationship between angles and forces in static equilibrium problems
USEFUL FOR

Students studying physics, particularly those tackling mechanics problems involving forces, tension, and friction. This discussion is beneficial for anyone looking to enhance their problem-solving skills in static equilibrium scenarios.

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Homework Statement



Straight out of the book: "An initially stationary box of sand is to be pulled across a floor by means of a cable in which the tension should not exceed 1100N. The coefficient of static friction between the box and the floor is 0.35. (a) What should be the angle between the cable and the horizontal in order to pull the greatest possible amount of sand and (b) what is the weight of the sand and box in that situation?"


Homework Equations



F = ma
Fs = μsFN

The Attempt at a Solution



So, I've decided that the x component, that is, the 1100N (I call this Fc) times cosθ, has to be equal to static friction. If it wasn't, then more sand could be added until it was (is this an incorrect assumption?). From there I tried to solve it like my professor has been doing by analzying the sum of the forces in the x direction and y direction separately to try to get two equations with two variables. The idea then would be that it would be an algebra problem, but I keep getting three unknowns (FN, Fg, and θ). I'll go ahead and show my work, I am probably going something wrong or going about it the wrong way (if I wasn't, this problem would have been done long ago).

Ʃ Fx = FcCosθ - Fs = 0

Or

FcCosθ = μsFN


Ʃ Fy = FcSinθ + FN - Fg= 0

or

FcSinθ + FN = Fg

So, I don't know θ, FN, or Fg and I don't see any third equation that I can use to eliminate a variable. Do I have to set the y component of Fc to something like I did the x component? Or was that my mistake from the beginning? Also, I will probably be spamming this forum with physics problems, sorry and if there is a limit do say. But I am tired of struggling with these homework problems, and the professor's hours are kind of awkward for me.
 
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I think you are doing OK so far.
Use the first equation to replace F_N in the second. You'll have Fg, or the weight of the box, as a function of the angle (Fc is a constant).
Find the angle which maximizes that function.
 
FCosθ=Nμ ...(1)
N=mg-FSinθ ...(2)

Sub.(2) in (1).
FCosθ=(mg-FSinθ)μ
FCosθ=mgμ-FSinθμ

mgμ=F(Cosθ+Sinθμ)

Maximum value of (Cosθ+Sinθμ) is when Cosθμ-Sinθ=0
Edit: Errors . Thanks Nasu
 
Last edited:
You forgot to multiply N by Fsinθ when you multiplied the parenthesis (fourth equation).
 

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