How to solve single variable integrals with specific limits and constants?

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on solving single variable integrals with specific limits and constants, particularly involving trigonometric functions and exponential functions. The integrals discussed include sin(2x) * (sin(x))^2, sin(3x) * (sin(x))^2, and exp(-kz)/(z+iL). Key techniques include using trigonometric identities for simplification and applying substitution methods, such as 2u = x for the integral of 1/(x^2+4). The residue theorem is also utilized for evaluating integrals with singularities.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of single variable calculus
  • Familiarity with trigonometric identities
  • Knowledge of integration techniques, including substitution
  • Basic concepts of complex analysis, particularly the residue theorem
NEXT STEPS
  • Study trigonometric identities for integration, focusing on sin(nx) and cos(nx)
  • Learn about substitution methods in integration, particularly for rational functions
  • Explore the residue theorem in complex analysis for evaluating integrals with singularities
  • Practice integrating functions involving exponential decay, such as exp(-kx)
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in mathematics, particularly those studying calculus and complex analysis, as well as anyone seeking to improve their skills in solving integrals involving trigonometric and exponential functions.

wam_mi
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Homework Statement



Hi could anyone please help me to solve the following integrals?
x and z are the only variable in all of the following integrals. Others are just constants.

(a) Integrate sin(2x) * [(sinx)^2] with limits [0,a] or with limits [-a, +a]

(b) Integrate sin(3x) * [(sinx)^2] with limits [0,a]

Does it require the same method for cos, for example cos(5x) * (cosx)^3

(c) Integrate the indefinite integral 1/((x^2)+4)
I guess this one has something to do with arctan, but I don't know how to start with it.
Could anyone please show me the steps?

Okay, I promise this is the last question...
(d) Integrate the indefinite integral exp(-kz)/(z+iL) where k is a positive constant, such that z=iL is the singularity inside any simple closed contour C(R).

I try to find the residue at z=-iL = (exp(-kz) / first derivative of x+iL and then evaluate everything at z=-iL which gives = exp(-ikL)

Then the required integral is 2*pi*exp(ikL).
But the question is, is that right or have I done anything fundamentally wrong?



Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution




Thanks a lot, that's it from me!
 
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Few brief comments.

For a, I would recommend that you use the identity sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x) and then make a proper choice for u

For b, I believe a similar method using the identity sin(3x) = 3cos^2(x)sin(x) - sin^3(x) or a variant of it would work.

For c, try the substitution 2u = x. Than x^2 = 4u^2. After that, integrate the resultant function.
 

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