Transmitting without media, also known as "free-space propagation," refers to the movement of light through a vacuum or empty space without the need for a physical medium such as air, water, or glass.
Light is able to travel through a vacuum because it is an electromagnetic wave. Unlike mechanical waves, which require a medium to propagate, electromagnetic waves do not need a medium and can travel freely through empty space.
When light passes through a medium, such as air or water, it may experience refraction, reflection, or absorption depending on the properties of the medium. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through a different medium, reflection is the bouncing of light off a surface, and absorption is the transfer of energy from light to the particles in the medium.
The speed of light in a vacuum is constant and unaffected by the absence of a medium. It travels at approximately 299,792,458 meters per second in a vacuum, which is the fastest known speed in the universe.
No, light is not always able to transmit without media. In most cases, light needs a medium to travel through, such as air, water, or glass. However, in the absence of any particles or obstacles, light can freely propagate through a vacuum without the need for a physical medium.