# Indefinite Integration by exchange of variables

1. Apr 27, 2010

### Asphyxiated

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data

$$\int \frac {1}{\sqrt{x}(1+\sqrt{x})} dx$$

3. The attempt at a solution

So let

$$u = 1 + \sqrt{x}$$

then

$$du = \frac {1}{2}x^{-1/2} dx$$

So dx should be this:

$$dx = 2x^{1/2} du$$

right?

So now the Problem looks something like this:

$$\int \frac {2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}(u)} du$$

$$\int \frac {\sqrt{x}}{(u)} du$$

I am stuck here, I am just not sure where to go from here, the answer is suppose to be:

$$2ln(1+\sqrt{x}) + C$$

but I really don't know how to get there.

thanks!

2. Apr 27, 2010

### zachzach

$$\int \frac {2\sqrt{x}}{u\sqrt{x}} du = \int \frac {\sqrt{x}}{u} du ??$$

$$\int \frac {2\sqrt{x}}{u\sqrt{x}} du = \int \frac {2}{u} du$$

3. Apr 27, 2010

### Asphyxiated

haha right.... so then the proper way to get to the answer is this then:

$$\int \frac {2\sqrt{x}}{u\sqrt{x}} du = \int \frac {2}{u} du$$

$$\int 2 * \frac {1}{u} du$$

then take an antiderivative:

$$2*ln(u)$$

$$2ln(1+\sqrt{x}) +C$$

is that right?

4. Apr 27, 2010

### zachzach

Looks right to me.

5. Apr 27, 2010

### Asphyxiated

ok can you help me on a problem of the same type?

$$\int \frac {3t+4}{5-t}dt$$

Let:

$$u = 5 -t$$

$$du = -1 dt$$

$$dt = -1 du$$

$$\int -\frac {3t+4}{u} du$$

so here I am kind of guessing..

$$\int -(3t+4)* \frac {1}{u} du$$

$$\int (-3t-4) * \frac {1}{u}du$$

$$\int -3t\frac{1}{u}-4\frac{1}{u}$$

I don't think I am on the right track here though, the correct answer is

$$-3t -19ln(5-t) +C$$

and I don't see how to get there from here, its probably just something I am not seeing again... thanks in advance

6. Apr 27, 2010

### zachzach

$$u = 5 -t$$ so
$$t = 5 -u$$
$$3t + 4 = 3(5-t)+4 = 19 -3u$$

Try to figure it out from there. Hint: split into 2 integrals. You have basically right idea, you just need to get that t in terms of u somehow so you can actually integrate.

7. Apr 27, 2010

### Asphyxiated

ok so starting from the point of

$$\int (-19+3u)*\frac{1}{u} du$$

note that I just applied the - sign throughout, thats why my signs are different than yours

so my next guess would be here:

$$\int -19\frac{1}{u} + 3u\frac{1}{u} du$$

so then I am assuming I can like so:

$$\int -19\frac{1}{u} + 3u\frac{1}{u} du = \int -19\frac{1}{u} du + \int \frac {3u}{u} du$$

so I can see that the -19ln(5-t) comes out there but the integral of 3 du is 3u right? so 3(5-t) = 15-3t which does give me the -3t for the solution but the +15 ruins the answer... at least I think so...

8. Apr 27, 2010

### zachzach

I got the same answer as you and that looks right. The answer you got it:

$$y = 15 - 3t -19ln(5-t) + c_1$$

Let

$$c = 15 + c_1 \rightarrow y = -3t - 19ln(5-t) + c$$

The +15 is just a constant so it does not change the functional form of your answer. That is why you might as well absorb it into the $$c_1$$ so your answer looks nicer.

9. Apr 27, 2010

### Asphyxiated

Wow I actually didn't know that, thanks man, I would have been thinking that over forever.