Integration by substitution for (1+x)/(1-x)

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SUMMARY

The integration of the function (1+x)/(1-x) can be effectively approached using substitution. The first step involves setting u = (1-x), which leads to du = -dx. The numerator (1+x) simplifies to -1 + 2/(1-x), allowing for straightforward integration of the resulting terms: -1 and -2/(x-1). The final integration step involves substituting back to express the solution in terms of x.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of integration techniques, specifically substitution method.
  • Familiarity with algebraic manipulation of fractions.
  • Knowledge of basic calculus concepts, including derivatives and integrals.
  • Ability to perform variable substitutions in integrals.
NEXT STEPS
  • Practice integration by substitution with various functions.
  • Study the properties of rational functions and their integrals.
  • Explore advanced integration techniques, such as integration by parts.
  • Learn about improper integrals and their convergence criteria.
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Students studying calculus, mathematics educators, and anyone seeking to improve their integration skills, particularly with substitution methods.

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Homework Statement


I want to integrate (1+x)/(1-x)


Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution


I have looked at many examples of substitution method - this one appears simple but I am not finishing the last step...

- I know you must first take u=(1-x)
- Then du = -dx

what happens with the numerator (1+x) as this would be the integral of -(1+x)du/u

id be very grateful if you could run me through the steps for this please.

thanks
 
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You need to simplify the fraction first: dividing 1+ x by 1- x gives -1+ 2/(1-x)= -1- 2/(x-1). It's easy to integrate "-1" and to integrate -2/(x-1), let u= x-1.
 

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