Is this a mathematics problem?

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Homework Statement



In a group of nine people some are always telling the truth and some
are always lying. Some of them are sitting around a round table. They all claim
that their neighbor on the right is a liar. How many people are sitting around the
table?

Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution


I am not that interested in solving it but I am curious if it can be solved with mathematics and what field of mathematics does it fall into?
 
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Discrete math; specifical logic.
 

Thread 'Prove that the integral is equal to ##\pi^2/8##'

Prove $$\int\limits_0^{\sqrt2/4}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-x^2}}\arcsin\sqrt{\frac{(x-1)\left(x-1+x\sqrt{9-16x}\right)}{1-2x}} \, \mathrm dx = \frac{\pi^2}{8}.$$ Let $$I = \int\limits_0^{\sqrt 2 / 4}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-x^2}}\arcsin\sqrt{\frac{(x-1)\left(x-1+x\sqrt{9-16x}\right)}{1-2x}} \, \mathrm dx. \tag{1}$$ The representation integral of ##\arcsin## is $$\arcsin u = \int\limits_{0}^{1} \frac{\mathrm dt}{\sqrt{1-t^2}}, \qquad 0 \leqslant u \leqslant 1.$$ Plugging identity above into ##(1)## with ##u...
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