Civilizational theory explores how large populations can thrive within specific societal structures, often intersecting with anthropology and philosophy. The evolution of civilizations is highlighted, emphasizing that they develop over time rather than being created instantaneously. A civilization may decline if it becomes too complex for its population to sustain, potentially leading to its replacement or absorption by more efficient cultures. Historical works, such as Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire," and contemporary analyses by authors like Jared Diamond, examine the factors contributing to the success or failure of civilizations. Additionally, social contract theory is suggested as a relevant framework for understanding the longevity of civilizations, although the discussion notes a restriction on philosophical discourse.
