There, $\gamma_{n}(G)=G_{n}$ it's just a description notation, I mean, this is like when you take a sequence and write $a_{n}=(whatever)$ but in this case, as the lower central series of a group is unique we can think in an "operator" family ($\gamma_{n}$) that sends every group to the $n-$th term of his lower central series ($G_{n}$).
It is well known that a vector space always admits an algebraic (Hamel) basis. This is a theorem that follows from Zorn's lemma based on the Axiom of Choice (AC).
Now consider any specific instance of vector space. Since the AC axiom may or may not be included in the underlying set theory, might there be examples of vector spaces in which an Hamel basis actually doesn't exist ?