The discussion highlights the distinctions between lower division and upper division linear algebra courses at various universities. Lower division courses typically focus on matrix algebra, including topics like solving linear systems, determinants, and basic vector spaces, often lacking rigor in proofs. In contrast, upper division courses delve deeper into vector spaces and abstract concepts, emphasizing theoretical foundations and proof-oriented learning. Some institutions offer a two-course sequence where the first course covers practical applications and the second focuses on proofs and advanced topics. The upper division curriculum may include infinite dimensional vector spaces and advanced topics like Hilbert spaces and tensors, often requiring prerequisites in abstract algebra and analysis. Overall, the transition from lower to upper division linear algebra represents a shift from computational techniques to a more rigorous, proof-based approach.