Maping from R2 to R3 torus, finding max min and saddle points

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on mapping from R2 to R3 using the function f=(f1,f2,f3) defined by f1(s,t)=(b+acos(s))cos(t), f2(s,t)=(b+acos(s))sin(t), and f3(s,t)=asin(s). The user identifies four critical points where the gradient of f1 is zero but struggles to classify these points as local minima, maxima, or saddle points due to complications with the second derivative test. The user notes that the second derivatives of f2 and f3 yield zero at all critical points, leading to confusion regarding the expected number of saddle points and extrema.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of multivariable calculus, specifically functions of several variables.
  • Familiarity with gradient and critical points in the context of vector-valued functions.
  • Knowledge of the second derivative test and Hessian matrices for classifying critical points.
  • Proficiency in trigonometric functions and their properties, particularly in relation to mapping in R2 and R3.
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  • Study the construction and application of the Hessian matrix for functions of several variables.
  • Learn about the classification of critical points using the second derivative test in multivariable calculus.
  • Explore the implications of zero second derivatives in the context of saddle points and extrema.
  • Investigate the geometric interpretation of mappings from R2 to R3, focusing on critical point behavior.
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Students and professionals in mathematics, particularly those studying multivariable calculus, as well as anyone interested in the classification of critical points in vector-valued functions.

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Homework Statement


this is from ch9 (functions of several variables)of baby rudin

a,b real b>a>0 define a mapping f=(f1,f2),f3) of R2 into R3 by
f1(s,t)=(b+acos(s))cos(t)
f2(s,t)=(b+acos(s))sin(t)
f2(s,t)=asin(s)
I showed that there are exactly 4 points p in K=image(f) such that

gradf1(f-1(p))=0

I am having trouble finding which of these points are local min, max, and saddle points.


The Attempt at a Solution



The points in question correspond to the touple (s,t) when s=(pi)k and t=(pi)j k,j integers.

the points being +/-b +/-a

Okay great, I do not have any developed criteria for the second derivative test, I have no Hessin matrix to work with. I can develop that in my problem, but that seems rather complicated, I have been trying for a while now, and am having trouble.
 
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after applying the second derivative test to each component of f I find that at each point of the second derivative of f2 and f3 that the value is zero. So I have zeros at all point of the partial derivatives which is bad because I should have 2 saddle points 1 max and one min. Even more confusing is that in f1 I get two min and two max, no saddle points...
Any ideas
 

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