What Holds the Universe Together?

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The discussion centers on the fundamental forces and concepts that hold the universe together, particularly gravity and dark energy. Questions arise about the nature of gravity, the origins of matter and antimatter, and the implications of the Big Bang. The idea of multiple universes and the multiverse theory is also explored, suggesting that our understanding of the cosmos may be limited. Participants emphasize the importance of observation and measurement in developing theories about the universe. Overall, the conversation reflects a deep curiosity about cosmic phenomena and the mechanisms that govern them.
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So earlier I was just watching tv and I don't know what happened but I started thinking about the Universe and its greatness out of pure randomness. I know there are billions of stars and planets in a single galaxy maybe even trillions of them, and then there are estimated 125+ billion galaxies, but my question is what is letting these galaxies and celestial object exist, I know you might say gravity holds them together but what really is gravity, does anyone know? Then here you might say it's a force but what really is a "force". What is the space around us, is that where dark energy comes in, is that what is holding everything together? The big bang I really don't understand how it occurred, matter and antimatter colliding and matter winning? Where did these matter and antimatter particles come from, I have so many questions, I can go on forever, and I love it, the more I see/read these things I just want to ask even more questions. So what do you guys think is "holding the universe together". I do believe hearing that dark energy is what is pulling the universe apart, so I was thinking is it just a "force", gas? Some stuff I thought of sounds pretty ridiculous but you never know, anything can happen, maybe another universe pulling against ours "their" gravity is pulling our universe apart, that would get into the multiverse theory, another thing could there be more then a single universe, we used to think our solar system was alone, then the galaxy was the universe, but now we know that there are billions of galaxies so could there be billions of universes? Maybe something else other then the universe and on and on. What do you guys think?

Sorry if you think reading this was a waste of time, and please do correct me if I'm wrong. Just some thoughts, have many more but I don't want to bore you lol.
 
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Idle speculation really doesn't get anyone anywhere. We can only build off what we can observe, measure, etc. I'm sure future theories will be more surprising than anything we can think of now.
 
It might be best to start with the FAQ subforum, and have a read of some standard references on big bang cosmology. If you have any specific questions, feel free to ask them, but this sort of open-ended 'thinking aloud' thread starter doesn't obey the forums rules.
 

Thread 'Matter density right after the decoupling'

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination_(cosmology) Was a matter density right after the decoupling low enough to consider the vacuum as the actual vacuum, and not the medium through which the light propagates with the speed lower than ##({\epsilon_0\mu_0})^{-1/2}##? I'm asking this in context of the calculation of the observable universe radius, where the time integral of the inverse of the scale factor is multiplied by the constant speed of light ##c##.
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Thread 'Rutgers finds a transparent Einstein Cross - apparently a dark matter "halo".'

The formal paper is here. The Rutgers University news has published a story about an image being closely examined at their New Brunswick campus. Here is an excerpt: Computer modeling of the gravitational lens by Keeton and Eid showed that the four visible foreground galaxies causing the gravitational bending couldn’t explain the details of the five-image pattern. Only with the addition of a large, invisible mass, in this case, a dark matter halo, could the model match the observations...
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Thread 'Big Bang and Infinite Universe'

Hi, I’m pretty new to cosmology and I’m trying to get my head around the Big Bang and the potential infinite extent of the universe as a whole. There’s lots of misleading info out there but this forum and a few others have helped me and I just wanted to check I have the right idea. The Big Bang was the creation of space and time. At this instant t=0 space was infinite in size but the scale factor was zero. I’m picturing it (hopefully correctly) like an excel spreadsheet with infinite...
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