MMX and the earth's rotational sagnac

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    Rotational sagnac
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the implications of the Michelson-Morley experiment (MMX) and the Sagnac effect as it relates to the isotropy of light and GPS technology. Participants explore the apparent contradiction between the MMX results, which suggest light is isotropic, and the necessity of applying a Sagnac correction in GPS units due to Earth's rotation. The conversation touches on theoretical concepts, practical applications, and the synchronization of GPS systems.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that the MMX proves light is isotropic in all directions, while GPS units require a Sagnac correction, implying light is not isotropic in certain contexts.
  • Others challenge the claim that handheld GPS units apply a Sagnac correction, questioning the validity of the references provided.
  • Several participants emphasize that the Sagnac effect only applies to light traveling around a closed loop, arguing that it is irrelevant to the MMX experiment where light traveled in a straight line.
  • One participant argues that light's path in the MMX experiment is affected by Earth's rotation, suggesting that the Sagnac effect must be considered despite the straight-line travel of light.
  • There are references to studies and papers that discuss the Sagnac effect in GPS systems, with some participants asserting that these effects are accounted for in the synchronization of GPS units.
  • Disagreements arise regarding the synchronization frame used in GPS units, with some claiming it is performed in the Earth-Centered Inertial frame while others argue it is done in the Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed frame.
  • One participant presents a mathematical analysis of the expected time differences in the MMX due to Earth's motion, although the significance of the Sagnac effect in this context is debated.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach consensus on the applicability of the Sagnac effect to the MMX experiment or the nature of GPS synchronization. Multiple competing views remain regarding the interpretation of the Sagnac effect and its relevance to both the MMX and GPS technology.

Contextual Notes

Discussions include various assumptions about the frames of reference used in GPS synchronization and the conditions under which the Sagnac effect is considered. There are unresolved mathematical steps in the analysis of time differences in the MMX experiment.

  • #31
chinglu1998 said:
No,GPS did not consider Sagnac until the 80's.
Are you just saying that until the 80s all the calculations involving GPS devices were done in the nonrotating ECI frame rather than the ECEF frame? If not, where are you getting this claim? Certainly the GPS designers would have known about the Sagnac effect, which dates back a lot further than 1973.
chinglu1998 said:
Anyway bring a modern article from a mainstream university. I want to see it.
Find it yourself--try google scholar. It's pretty obvious this isn't a matter of you accepting relativity but believing modern physicists don't accept MMX, you are trying to say physicists are wrong to accept MMX as evidence for relativity, and are using this argument to question SR itself (as evidenced by your rhetorical question "So, what is the experimental basis of special relativity without MMX?") I'm not going to play the game of looking for a source that exactly matches your specifications, but just so you can't say you weren't shown a source, here is a book that discusses modern variations on MMX on page 152 which you can read on google books, it's published by Springer which is a respected publisher of scientific texts (and the book's original publication date is 1999, this is a 2nd publishing from 2006). And here is the abstract of a published journal article which backs up my claim that rotational effects into account are not precisely zero, but in the MMX they would be too small to make any observable difference to the experimental results:

Reinterpretation of the Michelson-Morley experiment based on the GPS Sagnac correction
By examining the effects of rotational and orbital motions of the Earth on wave propagation in the global positioning system and an intercontinental microwave link, it is pointed out that the Earth's orbital motion has no influence on these earthbound wave propagations, while the Earth's rotation does contribute to the Sagnac effect. As the propagation mechanism in the Michelson-Morley experiment cannot be different from that in the aforementioned ones, it is concluded that due to the Earth's rotation, the shift in interference fringe in this famous experiment is not exactly zero. However, by virtue of the round-trip propagation path, this shift becomes second order and hence is too small to observe within the present precision.
Anyway, feel free to try to continue to argue that relativity should predict a non-null result for the MMX, but you can't claim ignorance now, so doing that will probably just get you banned.
 
Last edited:
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  • #32
Not sure about the ban yet, but this thread is closed for now.
 

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